Ch 5 Cell Bio

Active Transport

Method of transporting material that requires energy

Amphiphilic

molecule possessing a polar or charged area and a nonpolar or uncharged area capable of interacting with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments

Antiporter

transporter that carries two ions or small molecules in different directions

Carrier Protein

membrane protein that moves a substance across the plasma membrane by changing its own shape

Channel Protein

membrane protein that allows a substance to pass through its hollow core across the plasma membrane

Concentration Gradient

area of high concentration adjacent to an area of low concentration

Diffusion

passive transport process of low-molecular weight material according to its concentration gradient

Electrochemical Gradient

a combined electrical and chemical force that produces a gradient

Endocytosis

type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles, into a cell

Exocytosis

process of passing bulk material out of a cell

Facilitated Transport

process by which material moves down a concentration gradient (from high to low concentration) using integral membrane proteins

Integral Protein

protein integrated into the membrane structure that interacts extensively with the membrane lipids' hydrocarbon chains and often spans the membrane

Osmolarity

total amount of solutes dissolved in a specific amount of solution

Osmosis

transport of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the water's concentration gradient across the membrane that results from the presence of solute that cannot pass through the membrane

Passive Transport

method of transporting material through a membrane that does not require energy

Peripheral Protein

protein at the plasma membrane's surface either on its exterior or interior side

Selectively Permeable

membrane characteristic that allows some substances through (also known as semipermeable)

Solute

substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution

Symporter

transporter that carries two different ions or small molecules, both in the same direction

Uniporter

transporter that carries one specific ion or molecule