Locked in for Unit 3 1754-1800s

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46 Terms

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The Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)
Cause: Land conflict between Britain and France in North America. Effect: British win but gain debt, leading to taxation of colonies.
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The Seven Years' War: Consequences

  • French were outsets from north america

  • british doubled the land holdings

  • end of French of Indian war, colonists pushed westward

  • intense arguments w colonists

  • proclamation of 1763: forbade colonists from expanding westward of Ohio river

  • The Seven Years' War resulted in the expulsion of the French from North America, significantly expanded British territorial claims, and escalated tensions between Britain and the colonies as colonial expansion was curtailed by the Proclamation of 1763, leading to growing resentment among colonists.

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Albany Plan of Union

Cause: Threat of war with France. Effect: Proposed colonial unity; rejected by colonies and Britain cus of taxes

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The Sugar, Currency, and Stamp Acts
Cause: British debt after war. Effect: Colonial protest over taxation without representation.
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Salutary Neglect

A policy adopted by Britain that allowed the American colonies considerable freedom to pursue their economic and political interests while minimizing British interference, which led to the colonies developing a sense of autonomy that would later contribute to revolutionary sentiments.

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Navigation Acts

Cause: Imposed taxes and laws. Effect: Organized boycotts, protests, and resistance.

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Colonial Discontent
Cause: Economic burdens and lack of representation. Effect: Growing anger and revolutionary ideas.
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The Stamp Act
Cause: Direct tax on printed goods. Effect: Colonists form Stamp Act Congress; act repealed.
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The Townshend Acts

Cause: Britain needed revenue and control. Effect: Renewed colonial protests and resistance.Led to boycotts and tensions.

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The Quartering Act of 1765

Cause: British troops needed housing. Effect: Colonists viewed it as a violation of rights.This act required colonial assemblies to provide housing and supplies to British soldiers stationed in America, leading to resentment and protests among colonists.

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The Boston Massacre

Cause: British troops in Boston increased tensions. Effect: Five killed; propaganda spread anti-British sentiment.The Boston Massacre was an incident on March 5, 1770, where British soldiers shot and killed five colonial civilians during a confrontation, leading to heightened anti-British sentiment and calls for colonial unity.

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The Calm, and Then the Storm
Cause: Temporary repeal of taxes. Effect: Short peace, but protests soon resumed.
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The First Continental Congress

Cause: Intolerable Acts. Effect: Unified colonial response and organized resistance.The First Continental Congress was a gathering of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies in 1774 in response to the Intolerable Acts, aiming to address colonial grievances and promote collective action against British policies.

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Winter of 1774 and Spring of 1775
Cause: Escalating tensions and British inaction. Effect: Militias prepared for conflict.
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The Second Continental Congress
Cause: Fighting began at Lexington and Concord. Effect: Created Continental Army; moved toward independence.
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Success of Common Sense
Cause: Widespread frustration with monarchy. Effect: Increased support for independence.
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The Declaration of Independence

Cause: Rejection of peace offers.

Effect: Colonies officially declare break from Britain. Lots of enlightenment thoughts.

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Significance of Declaration of Independence
Cause: Need to justify break with Britain. Effect: Articulated Enlightenment ideals; inspired revolutions.
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Role of Propaganda (loyalists)

Cause: Events like Boston Massacre. Effect: Unified public opinion against Britain.

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Battle of Yorktown

Cause: Franco-American siege strategy (battle of Saratoga) Effect: British surrender, ending the Revolutionary War.

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Other Facts about the War
Cause: American struggle for independence. Effect: Global conflict; American victory with French aid.
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Articles of Confederation
Cause: Need for postwar government. Effect: Weak central government; little federal power.
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Limitations of Articles of Confederation

Cause: Fear of tyranny. Effect: No power to tax or regulate commerce. Limited ability to govern effectively and maintain order.

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Impact of Limitations

Cause: Weak federal structure. Effect: Rebellions like Shays’; led to Constitutional Convention. Impact on governance and reforms.

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George Washington as First President
Cause: Unanimous election. Effect: Set key democratic and presidential precedents.
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Washington's Presidency
Cause: Formation of new government. Effect: Stabilized U.S. economy and remained neutral.
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National Bank Debate
Cause: Hamilton's financial plan. Effect: Sparked constitutional debate on federal powers.
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Hamilton's Treasury
Cause: National debt and instability. Effect: Assumed state debts; established national bank.
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French Revolution & Washington Admin.
Cause: France’s political upheaval. Effect: U.S. declared neutrality; political division followed.
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U.S. Neutrality
Cause: France–Britain war threatened U.S. trade. Effect: U.S. stayed neutral; avoided entanglement.
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Hamilton vs. Jefferson
Cause: Competing visions for U.S. economy and government. Effect: First political parties formed.
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Northwest ordinance

Land policy established in 1787 that provided a method for settling the Northwest Territory and creating new states. It included provisions for education and prohibited slavery in the new territories.

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Hamilton's Plan & Whiskey Rebellion
Cause: Tax on whiskey sparked rural anger. Effect: Washington used troops to suppress rebellion.
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Jay's Treaty
Cause: British interference with U.S. ships. Effect: Treaty eased tension but was unpopular at home.
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Pinckney's Treaty
Cause: Disputes with Spain over trade. Effect: U.S. gained navigation rights on Mississippi River.
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Washington's Farewell Address
Cause: Retirement from presidency. Effect: Warned against political factions and foreign alliances.
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Republican Motherhood
Cause: Revolutionary ideals emphasized virtue. Effect: Promoted women's education and civic role at home.
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Alien and Sedition Acts
Cause: Fear of foreign threats and dissent. Effect: Limited speech and targeted immigrants.
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Opposition to Alien and Sedition Acts
Cause: Belief in civil liberties. Effect: Jefferson and Madison promoted states’ rights in response.
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Virginia Plan

A proposal at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature based on population, favoring larger states. It called for representation proportional to state's population, which led to debates over representation.

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New Jersey Plan

A proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state, favoring smaller states. It aimed to amend, rather than replace, the Articles of Confederation.

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The great compromise

A plan that resulted in a bicameral legislature, combining elements of both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans. It provided for proportional representation in the House of Representatives and equal representation in the Senate.

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3/5 compromise

A compromise reached during the Constitutional Convention that determined how slaves would be counted for representation and taxation purposes. It stipulated that three-fifths of the enslaved population would be counted when apportioning representation in Congress.

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Elastic Clause

A provision in the Constitution that grants Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers. It allows for flexibility in legislative powers.

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Whisky Rebellion

A violent uprising in 1794 by farmers in Pennsylvania against a federal excise tax on whiskey, which demonstrated the federal government's ability to maintain order.

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House of Representatives

The lower house of the United States Congress, where representation is based on population size of each state and members are elected to two-year terms.