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The Seven Years' War: Consequences
French were outsets from north america
british doubled the land holdings
end of French of Indian war, colonists pushed westward
intense arguments w colonists
proclamation of 1763: forbade colonists from expanding westward of Ohio river
The Seven Years' War resulted in the expulsion of the French from North America, significantly expanded British territorial claims, and escalated tensions between Britain and the colonies as colonial expansion was curtailed by the Proclamation of 1763, leading to growing resentment among colonists.
Albany Plan of Union
Cause: Threat of war with France. Effect: Proposed colonial unity; rejected by colonies and Britain cus of taxes
Salutary Neglect
A policy adopted by Britain that allowed the American colonies considerable freedom to pursue their economic and political interests while minimizing British interference, which led to the colonies developing a sense of autonomy that would later contribute to revolutionary sentiments.
Navigation Acts
Cause: Imposed taxes and laws. Effect: Organized boycotts, protests, and resistance.
The Townshend Acts
Cause: Britain needed revenue and control. Effect: Renewed colonial protests and resistance.Led to boycotts and tensions.
The Quartering Act of 1765
Cause: British troops needed housing. Effect: Colonists viewed it as a violation of rights.This act required colonial assemblies to provide housing and supplies to British soldiers stationed in America, leading to resentment and protests among colonists.
The Boston Massacre
Cause: British troops in Boston increased tensions. Effect: Five killed; propaganda spread anti-British sentiment.The Boston Massacre was an incident on March 5, 1770, where British soldiers shot and killed five colonial civilians during a confrontation, leading to heightened anti-British sentiment and calls for colonial unity.
The First Continental Congress
Cause: Intolerable Acts. Effect: Unified colonial response and organized resistance.The First Continental Congress was a gathering of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies in 1774 in response to the Intolerable Acts, aiming to address colonial grievances and promote collective action against British policies.
The Declaration of Independence
Cause: Rejection of peace offers.
Effect: Colonies officially declare break from Britain. Lots of enlightenment thoughts.
Role of Propaganda (loyalists)
Cause: Events like Boston Massacre. Effect: Unified public opinion against Britain.
Battle of Yorktown
Cause: Franco-American siege strategy (battle of Saratoga) Effect: British surrender, ending the Revolutionary War.
Limitations of Articles of Confederation
Cause: Fear of tyranny. Effect: No power to tax or regulate commerce. Limited ability to govern effectively and maintain order.
Impact of Limitations
Cause: Weak federal structure. Effect: Rebellions like Shays’; led to Constitutional Convention. Impact on governance and reforms.
Northwest ordinance
Land policy established in 1787 that provided a method for settling the Northwest Territory and creating new states. It included provisions for education and prohibited slavery in the new territories.
Virginia Plan
A proposal at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature based on population, favoring larger states. It called for representation proportional to state's population, which led to debates over representation.
New Jersey Plan
A proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state, favoring smaller states. It aimed to amend, rather than replace, the Articles of Confederation.
The great compromise
A plan that resulted in a bicameral legislature, combining elements of both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans. It provided for proportional representation in the House of Representatives and equal representation in the Senate.
3/5 compromise
A compromise reached during the Constitutional Convention that determined how slaves would be counted for representation and taxation purposes. It stipulated that three-fifths of the enslaved population would be counted when apportioning representation in Congress.
Elastic Clause
A provision in the Constitution that grants Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers. It allows for flexibility in legislative powers.
Whisky Rebellion
A violent uprising in 1794 by farmers in Pennsylvania against a federal excise tax on whiskey, which demonstrated the federal government's ability to maintain order.
House of Representatives
The lower house of the United States Congress, where representation is based on population size of each state and members are elected to two-year terms.