APUSH Period 3 (1754-1800): Review (Key People)

Abigail Adams

One of a few elite women who sought a mre public voice, saying that sooner or later they would foment a rebellion

John Adams

Argued for independence, his ideas then inspired the building blocks for the Declaration of Independence

Samuel Adams

One of the leaders of the Sons of Liberty, who gave political speeches to inspire mass demonstrations

Richard Allen

Founded the first African American church in the US: the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME)

Crispus Attucks

An African and Indigenous American sailor, often considered the first casualty of the Boston Massacre and the American Revolution

Benjamin Banneker

A self-taught clock maker, astronomer, and surveyor, was hired as an assistant to the surveyor Major Andrew Ellicott. In 1791 he helped to plot the site where the capital was built

William Bartram

Made engravings of plants and animals, and also crafted popular pieces that highlighted national symbols like flags eagles, and Lady Liberty (Used to create a national identity)

Mum Bett

A black woman who sued for her freedom after the Revolution and won because it conflicted with the state constitution

Daniel Boone

Established a fort on the Virginia frontier in 1775. Also was a pioneer and militia leader

Edward Braddock

Was sent to defend American colonies against attacks from American Indians and intrusions from the French; arrived in 1755 to expel the French from Fort Duquesne

Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea)

Accompanied Colonel Guy Johnson as he sought refuge in Canada

John Burgoyne

British general who had troops going south from Canada (September 1777). Then faced a brutal onslaught from patriot forces. Later surrendered to General Gates at Saratoga 

Charles Cornwallis

Claimed Charleston, South Carolina, then evicted patriots from the city, purged them from the state government, gained military control of the state, and imposed loyalty oaths

John Dickinson

A prominent Pennsylvania attorney and Quaker who published a series of letters attacking the Townshend Acts

Lord Dunmore

Encouraged white servants and enslaved black people to join him on British ships, and hundreds of black men fought with British troops when the governor  led his army back into Virginia in 1775 (Dunmore’s Proclamation)

Philip Freneau

A poet that highlighted the lost heritage of a nearly extinct native culture in New England. Portraits like this were less popular along the nations frontier

Edmond Genêt

King George III

After the Seven Year’s War, he became concerned about the expense of imperial conflict to where he opened peaceful negotiation with France. Later agreed to give up a number of conquered territory to finalize the Peace of Paris

George Grenville

Was appointed to lead the British government in 1763. His parliament launched a three-pronged program in order to reassert control in the colonies. This program included restricting trade, extending wartime policies, and passing new taxes

Alexander Hamilton

Secretary of the Treasury who proposed a series of measures to stabilize the American economy, pay off Revolutionary War debts, and promote trade and industry

Patrick Henry

Led the Virginia House of Burgesses when they passed five resolutions, known as the Virginia Resolves, denouncing taxation without representation

Sir William Howe

Led the British forces that attacked patriot fortifications on Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill on June 16 1775

John Jay

Along with Benjamin Franklin and John Adams, worked to negotiate peace terms with the British after the Revolutionary War

Thomas Jefferson

Along with James Madison, formed the Democratic-Republicans and in 1800 gained control of Congress and won presidency, marking a peaceful transition of power

Samuel Jennings

Incorporated women and African Americans into his artworks, highlighting the importance of learning and rationality in the new nation

Guy Johnson

The British superintendent for American Indian affairs, left New York and sought refuge in Canada during the Revolutionary War

Johann Baron de Kalb

One of the foreign volunteers that provided aid to the Continental Army at Valley Forge in 1777 (Of Bavaria)

Henry Knox

Was appointed by George Washington to be the attorney general at the head of the Department of Justice

Thaddeus Kosciusko

One of the foreign volunteers that provided aid to the Continental Army at Valley Forge in 1777 (Of Poland)

Marquis de Lafayette

One of the foreign volunteers that provided aid to the Continental Army at Valley Forge in 1777 (Of France)

Richard Henry Lee

Introduced the motion that ẗhese United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, Free and Independent States.” This then led to a debate over independence

Little Turtle

King Louis XVI

Ebenezer Mackintosh

Carried the a corpse to the Boston stamp office and then destroyed the building in an act of protest for the Intolerable Acts

James Madison

Along with Thomas Jefferson, created the Democratic-Republican party and then helped win the presidency for Jefferson

George Mason

Drafted the Declaration of Rights in May of 1776

James Monroe

Went to the Constitutional Convention with the intention of strengthening the existing government by amending the Articles

Judith Sargent Murray

Took a radical approach to women’s education and said that they should be able to procure for themselves the necessaries of life, and that independence should be placed within their grasp

Neolin

A visionary who preached that American Indians had been corrupted by contact with Europeans and urged them to purify themselves by returning to their ancient traditions

Lord North

Britain’s Prime Minister (1771-1782) who decided to concentrate British forces in NYC, which would become the British stronghold in the North

Andrew Oliver

Was a stamp distributor. There was an effigy of him which was then used as a corpse in a fake funeral procession in a protest of the Stamp Act

Thomas Paine

Published Common Sense in January of 1776 which helped convince people that independence was a necessity

Charles Willson Peale

Painted Revolutionary generals while serving in the Continental Army and became best known for his portraits of George Washington

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney

Thomas Pinckney

Pontiac

Convened a council of more than 400 leaders and proclaimed that “It is important my brothers, that we should exterminate from our land [British], whose only object is out death.” This was based on the ideas of Neolin

Casimir Pulaski

One of the foreign volunteers that provided aid to the Continental Army at Valley Forge in 1777 (Of Poland)

Edmund Randolph

Appointed by George Washington to be the secretary of war

Paul Revere

To ensure that colonists knew about the Boston Massacre, he created an engraving that suggested the soldiers shot at a peaceful crowd

Comte de Rochambeau

A French nobleman who marched 5,000 troops south of Rhode Island to Virginia as General Lafayette led his troops south along Virginia’s Eastern shore, effectively trapping the British

Betsy Ross

Sewed flags for patriot troops

Benjamin Rush

Wrote Essay on Female Education where he claimed that women could best shape political ideas and relations by teaching children about liberty and government (Republican Motherhood)

Deborah Sampson

Disguised herself as a man and enlisted as a soldier in the Continental Army under the name Robert Shurtliff

Daniel Shays

A farmer who had enlisted in the American Revolution. After petitioning the government, headed a group to the federal arsenal at Massachusetts in Shay’s Rebellion

Adam Smith

Baron Friedrich von Steuben

A Prussian officer, recruited by Benjamin Franklin, that went to Valley Forge in the fall of 1777 and provided aid and much needed training to the Continental Army

Thomas Sumter

Acted in retaliation of Banastre Tarleton, organized 800 men who raided largely defenseless loyalist settlements

Banastre Tarleton

Led a group of vicious loyalists in slaughtering civilians and murdering many patriots who surrendered

Charles Townshend

Rose to power as the chancellor of the exchequer in England in 1767. He then persuaded Parliament to return to the taxation model of the Sugar Act of 1764 (The Townshend Acts)

Mercy Otis Warren

One of many wealthy patriots who feared that the Constitution would empower a few individuals who cared little for the “true interests of the people”

George Washington

Was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in the Virginia militia and in the fall of 1753 was sent to warn the French against encroaching on British territory in the Ohio River Valley

Anthony Wayne

Noah Webster

After the Revolution, declared that “America must be as independent in literature as in politics, as famous for arts as for arms” 

Phillis Wheatley

A formerly enslaved woman who received an education. Once freed in 1773, she penned a collection of poetry and sent a copy to George Washington where she asked that black people be recognized as children of God