General Anatomy (bone/ligament) - Irene Gold Booklet :)

What is the cartilage between the end and shaft of the bone

Epiphyseal plate

What is the vascular growth zone of the bone

Metaphysis

What part of bone is the source of new osteoblasts

Endosteum

What lines the Haversian canal

Endosteum

What is the basic structural unit of compact bone

Haversian system

What is Howships Lacuna

Small space around cells that contains osteocytes

the concentric matrix around osteoblast is called

Lamella

Osteoblasts are derived from

Mesenchyme

What cell type is involved in bone resorption

osteoclasts

What is the organic component in bone matrix

Osteoid

Function of osteoid

Deposits hydroxyapatite to form bone

The fibrous, interconnected strands in the medullary compartment of bone is called

Trabeculae

What is the transverse bone canal that contains the nutrient artery

Volkmanns canal

The meeting of the lamboidal, occipitomastoid and parietomastoid sutures is called

Asterion

The meeting of the great wing of spehnoid and parietal bone is called

Pterion

What is the Inion

Internal occipital protuberance

What is the meeting of teh lamboidal and Sagittal sutures

Lambda

What is the Bregma of the skull

Meeting of coronal and sagittal sutures

The soft spots in the skull of a newborn baby is called

Fontanelle

What is the largest fontanelle

The anterior aka Bregmatic fontanelle

Where is the posterior fontanelle located

At the lambda

What fontanelle is located at the pterion

lateral fontanelle

What fontanelle is located at the asterion

mastoid fontanelle

The squamous suture seperates what bones

Temporal and parietal bones

The lamboidal suture seperates what bones

Occipital and parietal

The coronal suture seperates what bones

Frontal and parietal

A joint that is immovable/ fibrous is called

Synarthrosis

What are the two types of synarthrosis joints

Synostosis (skull sutures) and gomphosis (teeth)

How many teeth in an adult vs child

Adult 32, child 20

Childrens teeth are referred to as

Deciduous teeth

A slightly moveable, cartilaginous joint is called

Amphiarthrosis

What are the types of amphiarthrosis joints

synchondrosis, symphysis, syndesmosis

The interosseus membrane is what type of articulation

Syndesmosis (type of amphiarthrosis)

What is an example of a synchondrosis joint

epiphyseal plate, sternal articulations, hyaline cartilage

IVDs are part of what joint classification

Symphysis (amphiarthrosis)

A freely moveable joint is classified as

Diarthrosis (synovial)

The elbow and knee joints are what kind of joint classification

Uniaxial Diarthrosis (hinge)

A hinge joint can also be called

Ginglymus

Give an example of a trochoid joint

(Pivot) atlantoaxial joint, proximal radioulnar joint

Hinge and pivot joints fall under the umbrella classification of

Uniaxial diarthrosis

What is an ovoid/condylymus joint

A biaxial diarthrosis joint. Ex) radiocarpal, MCP, TMJ

What is a saddle/seller joint

A biaxial diarthrosis joint. ex) sternoclavicular joint, 1st Metacarpal (thumb)

What is a gliding/plana joint

Triaxial diarthrosis ex) AC joint, intercarpal jts

What is a spheroidal joint

Ball in socket (triaxial diarthrosis) ex) hip, shoulder

What classification is the SI joint

Atypical diarthrodial

The ethmoid and vomer articulation is called

Schindylesis

What is the most common fracture site on the humerus

Surgical neck (below tuberosities)

When there is a fracture of the humerus surgical neck what nerve will be compromised

Axillary nerve

What muscles attach to the greater tuberosity of humerus

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

What attaches to the lesser tuberosity of humerus

Subscapularis

The floor of the intertubercular groove (anterior humerus) is the attachment point for what muscle

Latissimus dorsi

A spiral fracture of the humerus will compromise what nerve

Radial nerve (in spiral/radial groove)

The trochlea of the humerus articulates with the

Ulna

What fossa are found on the anterior, distal humerus

Radial fossa and coronoid fossa

What is the first bone in the body to ossify

Clavicle

What end of clavicle has an articular disc

Sternal end (medial)

What is the upper extremity connection between the axial and appendicular skeleton

Acromioclavicular joint

What two ligaments are involved with the AC joint

Conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament

The coracoid process is the attachment point for what muscles

Pec minor, coracobrachialis, short head bicep

is the subscapular fossa on the anterior or posterior side of the scapula

Anterior

What ligament connects the lesser and greater tubercles of humerus

Transverse humeral ligament

What forms the trochlear notch

Olecranon and coronoid process

The ulnar tuberosity is attachment site for what muscle

Brachialis

What part of ulna contains an articular disk

Distal ulna

What ligament surrounds the head of radius

annular ligament

What tubercle is found on the distal radius

Listers tubercle

What bones does the distal radius articulate with

Ulna, scaphoid, lunate

Bony growths at the MCPs seen in RA are called

Haygarths nodes

Bony growths at PIPs seen in RA and OA are called

Bouchards nodes

Bony growths at DIPs seen in OA are called

Heberdens nodes

What is the most commonly fractured carpal

Scaphoid

What is the most commonly dislocated carpal

Lunate

What carpals articulate with ulna

NONE

What are the proximal carpal bones (lateral to medial)

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

What are the distal carpal bones (lateral to medial)

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

What are the 4 articulations in the pelvis

2 sacroiliac jts, sacrococcygeal symphysis, pubis symphysis

What are the pelvic regions

Greater (false/major) pelvis and lesser (true/minor) pelvis

What is the junction between the greater and lesser pelvis

Pelvic inlet

What is contained in the pelvic diaphragm

Levator ani muscle, coccygeus muscle,

What is the strongest ligament of the hip

Iliofemoral/Y-ligament of Bigelow

What is the function of Y-ligament of Bigelow

Prevents hyperextension in the hip

What is the function of the puberofemoral ligament?

Prevents hyper abduction and hyperextension of the hip

Function of ischiofemoral ligament

prevents hyperextension of the hip

What ligament joins the two ends of the acetabular labrum

Transverse acetabular ligament

What ligament carries the foveal artery

Femoral capitol ligament (ligamentum teres femoris)

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease has damage to what ligaments

Femoral capitol ligament (ligamentum teres femoris)

Fracture of what bone can lead to fatty embolus to the lung

Femur

What is the location of the intertrochanteric line vs crest

Line= anterior proximal femur; crest= posterior proximal femur

The tibial tuberosity is the attachement point for what

Patellar tendon

What knee ligament will be stressed with a valgus load

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MCL)

Function of ACL

Prevents excess anterior motion of tibia

What knee ligament will be stressed with a varus load

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)

Function of PCL

Prevents excessive posterior motion of tibia

What is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament

Extension of semimembranosus and strengthens knee posteriorly

Function of medial coronary ligament

Connect inferior edge of medial meniscus to tibial plateau

What ligament connects the anterior horns of the medial and lateral menisci

Tranverse ligament

T/F the lateral mensicus is connected to the LCL

False

T/F the medial meniscus is connected to the MCL

True

What are the deltoid ligaments

tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, tibiotalar (anterior and posterior)

What is the most commonly sprained ligament of the ankle

anterior talofibular