greek intro

1. Common Nouns

1st/2nd Declension, Regular

ὁ ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός

man

1. Common Nouns

1st/2nd Declension, Regular

ὁ ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός

man

ἡ γυνή, γυναικός

woman

ὁ παῖς, παιδός

child

ἡ μήτηρ, μητρός

mother

- technically 3rd decl. but common

ὁ πατήρ, πατρός

father

- 3rd decl. but essential

ἡ θάλαττα, θαλάττης

sea

ἡ πόλις, πόλεως

city

- 3rd decl. but frequent

ὁ λόγος, λόγου

word, speech

ὁ θεός, θεοῦ

god

ἡ νίκη, νίκης

victory

ἡ ἡμέρα, ἡμέρας

day

ἡ ψυχή, ψυχῆς

soul

ὁ στρατηγός, στρατηγοῦ

general

ὁ δοῦλος, δούλου

slave

ἡ ὁδός, ὁδοῦ

road

ὁ ἀγρός, ἀγροῦ

field

ἡ χώρα, χώρας

land

ὁ ποταμός, ποταμοῦ

river

ἡ γῆ, γῆς

earth

ὁ οἶκος, οἴκου

house

Note: Some 3rd-declension nouns like πόλις are included due to high frequency, but most are regular 1st/2nd decl.

2. Adjectives

Regular, 1st/2nd Declension

μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα

big

κακός, κακή, κακόν

bad

ἀγαθός, ἀγαθή, ἀγαθόν

good

σοφός, σοφή, σοφόν

wise

δίκαιος, δικαία, δίκαιον

just

ἁπλοῦς, ἁπλῆ, ἁπλοῦν

simple

ταχύς, ταχεῖα, ταχύ

quick

ἰσχυρός, ἰσχυρά, ἰσχυρόν

strong

μικρός, μικρά, μικρόν

small

πολύς, πολλή, πολύ

much

3. Verbs

Regular -ω Verbs, Present & Future

λύω

I loosen/destroy

φέρω

I carry

- slightly irregular but essential

γράφω

I write

λέγω

I say

βλέπω

I see

ἔχω

I have

πέμπω

I send

διδάσκω

I teach

μανθάνω

I learn

σῴζω

I save

φεύγω

I flee

ποιέω

I do/make

ἀκούω

I hear

θεωρέω

I observe

ἀγγέλλω

I announce

Note: Some verbs like φέρω have irregular aorists, but their present forms are common.

4. Particles & Conjunctions

Essential for Syntax

καί

and, even

ἀλλά

but

γάρ

for

δέ

but/and

οὖν

therefore

εἰ

if

ὅτι

that, because

ὡς

as, that

μή

not, lest

οὐ

not

5. Prepositions

Key for Cases

ἐν

in + dat.

εἰς

into + acc.

ἐκ

out of + gen.

πρός

towards + acc.

διά

through + gen./acc.