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50 Terms
Atoms are made up of….
smaller units called protons,nutrons and electrons.
What is a scientific theory?
A carefully tested explanation for natural phenomena supported by evidence.
What is the Big Bang Theory?
The most widely accepted explanation for how the universe began.
What was the universe's starting point called?
The singularity.
How old is the universe?
About 13.7 billion years old.
What is the universe?
Everything that exists.
What makes up about 72% of the universe?
Dark energy.
What makes up about 23% of the universe?
Dark matter.
What is a nebula?
A huge cloud of gas and dust where stars can form.
What are stars?
Objects made mostly of hydrogen and helium that produce light and heat.
What are planets?
Objects that orbit a star, are round from gravity, and clear their orbital area.
What are moons?
Objects that orbit planets or other non-star objects.
What are comets?
Balls of frozen gas, rock, and dust that orbit the Sun.
What are asteroids?
small rocky objects that orbit the Sun.
What are black holes?
places where gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape.
What is a galaxy?
A collection of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter held together by gravity.
What are the 3 main types of galaxies?
Elliptical, spiral, and irregular.
What is an elliptical galaxy like?
Round or stretched out, with mostly older stars.
What is a spiral galaxy like?
A flat galaxy with spiral arms that actively forms new stars.
What is an irregular galaxy like?
A galaxy with no regular shape.
What galaxy contains Earth?
The Milky Way.
What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?
A barred spiral galaxy.
What is dark matter?
nvisible matter detected by its effects on other objects.
What is a light-year?
The distance light travels in one Earth year.
How far is one light-year?
About 6 trillion miles.
What is the brightest star we can see with our eyes?
Sirius.
What is a constellation?
A group/pattern of stars that people imagine forms a shape.
Name major constellations from the notes.
Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Orion, and the Big Dipper.
What is the Sun mostly made of?
Hydrogen and helium.
What powers the Sun?
Nuclear fusion in its core.
What type of fusion powers the Sun?
Proton-proton fusion.
What happens during fusion in the Sun?
Hydrogen fuses into helium and releases energy.
Where does nuclear fusion happen in the Sun?
The core.
What are the layers of the Sun in order?
Core → Radiation Zone → Convection Zone → Photosphere → Chromosphere → Corona.
What happens in the core?
Nuclear fusion occurs.
What happens in the radiation zone?
Energy moves outward as radiation.
What happens in the convection zone?
Energy is transported by convection.
What is the photosphere?
The visible layer of the Sun.
What is the chromosphere?
The reddish middle layer of the Sun's atmosphere.
What is the corona?
The outermost layer of the Sun.
What is the solar cycle?
An approximately 11-year cycle of changes in the Sun's magnetic activity.
What happens about every 11 years?
The Sun's magnetic poles flip.
How do scientists track the solar cycle?
By counting sunspots.
What is solar minimum?
When the Sun has the fewest sunspots.
What is solar maximum?
when the Sun has the most sunspots.
What are sunspots?
Cooler, darker areas on the Sun caused by strong magnetic fields.
What is a solar flare?
A sudden explosion of energy and radiation from the Sun.
What is a CME?
A huge blast of charged particles and radiation from the Sun.
What can a CME cause on Earth?
Auroras and disruptions to satellites, communications, and power systems.
What was the Carrington Event?
A massive solar storm in 1859 that disrupted telegraph systems.