MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

aristotle

father of rhetoric

aristotle model

linear model

sender, speech/message, and receiver

primary elements of communication acc. to aristotle model

wilbur schramm

father of mass communication

wilbur schramm

stressed that each one of us has unique fields of experiences that affect our understanding and interpretations

common ground / shared experience

must be determined in terms of the fields of experience of the speaker and receiver in order for effective communication to take place

eugene white

emphasized that communication is not a linear process but a circular/continuous one

eugene white

suggested that one could observe the elements of communication in any part of the process

feedback

ensures the continuous flow of interaction in white model