Psychosocial Development – Erik Erikson

Trust vs. Mistrust

The first stage of psychosocial development (Birth - 18 months) where babies learn to trust caregivers when their needs are consistently met.

Key Question of Trust vs. Mistrust

Is my world safe and supportive?

Important Event of Trust vs. Mistrust

Feeding

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

The second stage of psychosocial development (2 - 3 years) where toddlers explore independence and either gain confidence or develop feelings of shame.

Key Question of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Can I do things by myself, or do I always need help?

Important Event of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Toilet Training

Initiative vs. Guilt

The third stage of psychosocial development (3 - 5 years) where young children take initiative and explore; support leads to a sense of purpose.

Key Question of Initiative vs. Guilt

Am I good or bad?

Important Event of Initiative vs. Guilt

Exploration and Play

Industry vs. Inferiority

The fourth stage of psychosocial development (6 - 11 years) where children work on school tasks; success fosters capability, while failure leads to feelings of inferiority.

Key Question of Industry vs. Inferiority

Am I competent or not good enough?

Important Event of Industry vs. Inferiority

School

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The fifth stage of psychosocial development (12 - 18 years) where teens explore their identity; clarity leads to confidence while confusion leads to insecurity.

Key Question of Identity vs. Role Confusion

Who am I?

Important Event of Identity vs. Role Confusion

Social Relationships

Intimacy vs. Isolation

The sixth stage of psychosocial development (19 - 40 years) where young adults form close relationships; success leads to connections, failure results in loneliness.

Key Question of Intimacy vs. Isolation

Will I share my life with someone or be alone?

Important Event of Intimacy vs. Isolation

Romantic Relationships

Generativity vs. Stagnation

The seventh stage of psychosocial development (40 - 65 years) where adults contribute to society; fulfillment comes from feeling impactful.

Key Question of Generativity vs. Stagnation

How can I make a lasting impact?

Important Event of Generativity vs. Stagnation

Parenthood and Work

Integrity vs. Despair

The eighth stage of psychosocial development (65+ years) where older adults reflect on their lives; satisfaction leads to wisdom, while regrets lead to despair.

Key Question of Integrity vs. Despair

Did I live a meaningful life?

Important Event of Integrity vs. Despair

Reflecting on Life