WW1

What famous preacher in the 1800's was from Chicago?

D.L. Moody

What famous preacher in the 1800's was from England?

Charles Spurgeon

What was Liberal Christianity?

Make your own beliefs based on modern knowledge, science, and ethics (emphasizing reason and experience)

What is imperialism?

Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country

Who was Albert Einstein?

German scientist, he came up with the theory of relativity and E=mc^2 (also warned The U.S. that Germany was attempting to make an atomic bomb, initiating the start)

What does E=mc^2 mean?

Energy = mass x speed of light^2, used in nuclear warfare meaning that a little mass can create large amount of energy

What theory by Albert Einstein changed how we think of time and space?

The Theory of Relativity, the relativity vs. absolution of the speed of light and time/distance

What is relative, according to Einstein?

Time and distance

What is absolute, according to Einstein?

The speed of light

Who helped unify Germany in the 1860's and 70's?

Otto von Bismarck, the Minister-President of Russia, started war by creating problems with countries like Denmark, Austria, and France's

Who helped unify Italy in the 1870's?

Camilo Benso formed an alliance with Napoleon III and Austria to expand Italy's territory
Giuseppe Garibaldi led volunteer armies to conquer southern Italy
Together, they united various Italian states to form the kingdom of Italy

How many countries were involved in WWI?

32

How many people died in WWI?

10 million

What is militarism?

The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war
(nations were eager for war)

What is imperialism?

Seizure of a country by a stronger country
(countries wanted colonies)

What is nationalism?

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
(every country thought they were the best)

Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?.

Heir to the Austria-Hungary throne

Why was Archduke Ferdinand murdered, and how did his death help cause the war?

Assassinated by the Black Hand (a Serbian nationalist group) to break free from Austria-Hungary, which caused A-H to declare war on Serbia as revenge, which escalated into war due to pre-existing alliances and tensions

How did Germany start WWI?

It originally attacked France

How did Belgium surprise Germany when they were trying to attack France?

Since German soldiers had to go through Belgium to get to France, Belgium surprisingly fought back for 4 days (losing, but giving France enough time to get away)

At what big battle was the German army stopped 15 miles from Paris?

The First Battle of Marne

What was trench warfare like?

deadly, smelly, disgusting, and dirty; easy for people to contract diseases, infested with rats

What secret weapon did Germany invent to help with the bad parts of trench warfare?

Chlorine and mustard gas

Where did Germany launch a huge attack?

Battle of Verdun

Why was the Russian army so bad in WWI?

Failed immediately after invading Germany, didn't have enough factories to make supplies, and they didn't have railroads or radios

What secret weapon did England reveal at Battle of Somme?

Tanks

What new sea weapon did the Germans use in WWI?

U-boats

What was the Lusitania?

British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915

Why was the Lusitania so significant?

It killed over 1200 civilians (over 100 Americans on board)
Still a debate over whether or not it had hidden war supplies

What was WWI like in the sky?

Machine guns for planes were developed, and dogfights started

What was an "ace"?

Pilot with 5 confirmed kills

Who was the greatest ace?

Von Richton, also known as the "red baron", shooting down 80 planes

What were Zeppelins?

Large gas filled balloons used to bomb the English coast

Where else was WWI fought? (besides England)

Pacific Islands
Africa
Middle East (British/Arabs vs. Turks)

Who was Laurence of Arabia?

A British officer who convinced Britain and Arabia to fight together against Turkey

What was the U.S.' position at the beginning of WWI?

Neutral

Why did the U.S. turn against Germany?

Germany sunk the Lusitania, and we thought they fought too dirty (ex: poison gas, u-boats, sent spies before the U.S. joined, and the Zimmerman note), and Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare

What was the Zimmerman note?

A note from Germany asking Mexico to join the Germans and attack the U.S.

Who was the American commander when the U.S. first declared war on Germany?

John "Black Jack" Pershing

Who was Alvin York?

One of America's greatest war heroes, won the Medal of Honor (single-handedly captured 132 German soldiers)

What was the armistice?

The peace agreement between Germany and the allies

What was the Paris Peace Conference?

Led by Woodrow Wilson, the Germans asked for an armistice, said that countries should have self-determination, they should disarm, led to the Treaty of Versailles

What is self-determination?

The right of people to choose their own form of government

What is disarmament?

Reduction of armed forces and weapons

What was the League of Nations?

International association whose goal would be to keep peace among nations

Why did the League of Nations fail?

The United States did not join it

How did fighting change as a result of WWI?

Airplanes, submarines, mustard gas

What were some results of WWI?

Changes in war, total war was introduced (everyone is affected), European map changed, Germany was blamed for everything (wants revenge), there was a "mood of despair"