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What marked the beginning of the Contact Period between Europe and the Americas?
Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492.
What did the Bering Land Bridge connect?
It connected Eurasia and North America.
What was the primary reason for the decline of Native American populations after European contact?
Conflicts, diseases brought by Europeans, forced relocation, and assimilation policies.
What was the encomienda system?
A system where Spanish colonists were granted authority over a specified number of natives, obligated to protect them and convert them to Catholicism in exchange for their labor.
What were the main crops exchanged from the New World to the Old World during the Columbian Exchange?
Corn, potatoes, chocolate, tomatoes, avocado, and sweet potatoes.
What was the significance of the House of Burgesses established in Virginia?
It was the first legislative assembly in the American colonies, where property-holding white males could vote.
Who led the Pilgrims to establish Plymouth colony?
William Bradford.
What was the Mayflower Compact?
An agreement signed by the Pilgrims establishing a legal authority and assembly based on the consent of the governed.
What was a major consequence of the introduction of tobacco in Virginia?
The development of plantation slavery due to the labor-intensive nature of tobacco farming.
What characterized French colonization in North America?
Fewer settlers compared to Spanish and English, intermarriage with native women, and focusing on fur trade.
What were Roger Williams's views on church and state?
He believed in the separation of church and state.
How did the climate and community structure differ between New England and the Chesapeake?
New England had a more hospitable climate with longer life expectancy, larger families, and a stronger sense of community, while Chesapeake had more spread-out farming communities and was heavily reliant on tobacco as a cash crop.
What was the primary motive for English colonization in the New World?
Financial reasons and the desire for wealth and resources.
What did the term 'Middle Passage' refer to?
The shipping route that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas.
When did the Atlantic slave trade end in the United States?
January 1, 1808.
What did the Puritan community prioritize in their settlement?
A strong communal ideal and strict adherence to Calvinist principles.
What was the major impact of the Great Puritan Migration?
The establishment of a significant Puritan community in Massachusetts Bay founded on religious ideals.
What were the key differences in immigration patterns between New England and the Chesapeake?
New England saw entire families immigrate, while the Chesapeake saw many single males immigrating.
What was the significance of Bacon's Rebellion?
It highlighted the planters' fear of landless, young, white males and contributed to the transition from indentured servants to enslaved Africans for labor.
What was the primary product that drove the economy in the Chesapeake colonies?
Tobacco.
How did slavery in the North differ from slavery in the South?
Slavery in the North was less prevalent and mostly consisted of domestic servants or farm labor, while the South relied heavily on plantation slavery.
What did the Spanish prioritize in their interactions with Native Americans?
Conversion to Catholicism and labor exploitation through systems like the encomienda.
What drove rivalry among European nations during the Age of Exploration?
The desire for wealth, resources, and dominance over New World territories.
What precautions did the Virginia Company implement to attract settlers?
The headright system, granting land to new settlers to encourage migration.
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