ICAS Science Year 7 Prep
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142 Terms
What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?
A physical change alters the form without creating a new substance; a chemical change creates one or more new substances with different properties.
What are the three states of matter and how do they differ?
Solids have fixed shape and volume; liquids have fixed volume but take container shape; gases have neither fixed shape nor volume and can be compressed.
What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
Mitochondria produce chemical energy (ATP) through cellular respiration to power the cell.
Which part of the flower produces pollen?
The anther, part of the stamen, produces and releases pollen for fertilisation.
What is friction?
Friction is the force resisting sliding motion between surfaces, converting kinetic energy to heat.
What causes the seasons on Earth?
Earth’s tilted axis causes different sunlight angles and lengths throughout the year, creating seasons.
What is the role of the dependent variable in a fair test?
The dependent variable is what you measure or observe as the effect of changing the independent variable.
What is the difference between conduction, convection, and radiation?
Conduction transfers heat through solids by contact; convection moves heat via fluid motion; radiation transfers energy via electromagnetic waves.
What separation method removes salt from saltwater?
Evaporation heats saltwater until water vaporizes, leaving salt behind.
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
The nucleus controls cell functions by regulating genes and storing DNA.
How can you separate sand from saltwater?
Filter to remove sand; then evaporate water to recover salt.
What is gravity?
Gravity is the force attracting two masses, giving weight to objects on Earth.
What is an example of a chemical change?
Rusting iron forms a new substance (iron oxide).
What does “compressible” mean for gases?
It means gas particles can be pushed closer, reducing volume under pressure.
How does light travel?
Light travels in straight lines as electromagnetic waves, reflecting or refracting as it changes medium.
What is a controlled variable in an experiment?
A controlled variable stays constant to ensure a fair test.
What happens during photosynthesis?
Plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
What is buoyancy?
Buoyancy is the upward force of a fluid opposing an object's weight, allowing it to float.
What causes tides on Earth?
Gravity from the Moon and Sun pulls on Earth's oceans, causing tides.
What tool measures temperature?
A thermometer measures temperature by substance expansion or contraction.
What makes an experiment fair?
Only one variable changes; others are controlled; dependent variable is measured.
What is mass vs weight?
Mass is matter amount (kg); weight is gravity's force on mass (newtons).
What is a habitat?
A habitat is where an organism lives and gets resources to survive.
Why do gases fill their container?
Gas particles move randomly and spread out to fill available space.
What are renewable energy sources?
Resources like solar, wind, and hydro that replenish faster than they are used.
What is Earth’s crust?
The solid outer layer where we live, made of tectonic plates.
What is the mantle?
Layer beneath crust made of hot, slowly flowing semi-solid rock.
What is the outer core?
Liquid metal layer below mantle that generates Earth’s magnetic field.
What is the inner core?
Solid dense centre made mostly of iron and nickel.
What is a tectonic plate?
A large slab of crust floating on the mantle that moves slowly.
What is a convergent boundary?
Where two plates move together, forming mountains or volcanoes.
What is a divergent boundary?
Where plates move apart, letting magma form new crust.
What is a transform boundary?
Where plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes.
What are convection currents?
Movement of molten mantle rock (hot rises, cool sinks) driving plate motion.
What is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
An example of a divergent boundary in the Atlantic Ocean.
What is a dichotomous key?
A tool using yes/no steps to identify organisms.
What do 1a and 1b mean in a dichotomous key?
Labels for two choices at each step.
What does "Has feathers → go to 2" mean in a key?
A direction to the next step if organism has feathers.
What does "No fur → Crocodile" mean?
An outcome identifying a reptile without fur.
What is the purpose of a dichotomous key?
To create clear yes/no choices for accurate identification.
What is a mixture?
A combination of substances not chemically bonded.
What is filtration?
Separating insoluble solids from liquids with filter paper.
What is evaporation?
Removing dissolved solids by heating liquid to vaporize.
What is distillation?
Separating liquids by boiling and re-condensing based on boiling points.
What is magnetic separation?
Using a magnet to remove magnetic materials from mixtures.
What environment forms sandstone?
High-energy (fast water or wind).
Give an example of a sandstone environment.
Beaches, rivers, deserts.
What environment forms shale?
Low-energy (still or slow water).
Give an example of a shale environment.
Lake beds, lagoons, deep ocean.
What environment forms limestone?
Warm, shallow marine.
Give an example of a limestone environment.
Tropical seas, coral reefs.
What must you always check in scale questions?
Units and convert if needed.