BIO 120 Smith- WKU - Exam 2: Cell Biology prep

A __________ solution has a higher solute concentration outside than inside the cell, causing the vesicle to shrink.

Hypertonic

In a __________ solution, the solute concentration is the same inside and outside of the cell, resulting in no change.

Isotonic

__________ transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient.

Active

Facilitated diffusion requires help from _________ or carrier proteins to move substances across the membrane.

Channel

The __________ is a selectively permeable barrier that protects the cell’s interior.

Plasma membrane

Plant cells have large __________ that store water, ions, and other substances.

Vacuoles

In animals, __________ junctions prevent leakage of fluids between adjacent cells.

Tight

__________ is a dynamic process that involves the addition of a phosphate to a molecule, often activating it.

Phosphorylation

_______ is the pressure exerted by the fluid (usually water) inside the central vacuole of a plant cell against the cell wall

• crucial for maintaining the cell's shape and structural integrity

• allows plant cells to resist wilting and sustain erect posture

Turgor pressure

Proteins that span the phospholipid bilayer are known as __________ proteins.

Integral

Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments are components of the __________, providing structure and support to the cell.

Cytoskeleton

In distant signaling, ______ travel through the bloodstream to communicate with distant cells.

hormones

________ in bacteria refers to the ability to detect and respond to changes in the size of their own population density.

quorum sensing

An __________ molecule has both hydrophobic (water-repelling) and hydrophilic (water-attracting) properties, allowing it to interact with both water and lipids.

amphipathic

Plant cells have _________ which are not found in animal cells, providing structure and support.

cell walls

Animal cells contain __________, which are the organelles responsible for energy production, that are generally more numerous than in plant cells.

mitochondria

Both plant and animal cells have __________, but plant cells typically have larger ones that store nutrients.

vacuoles

Eukaryotic cells have a defined __________, while prokaryotic cells do not.

nucleus

__________ filaments, also known as microfilaments, play a crucial role in cell shape and movement, consisting of polymers of actin subunits.

Actin

Intermediate filaments play a crucial role in maintaining cell’s __________

shape and structure

____ is a motor protein responsible for hydrolyzing ATP for vesicle transport in microtubules

kinesin

The arrangement of microtubules in the structure of cilia and flagella is known as the _________ structure, consisting of nine pairs of microtubules surrounding two central microtubules.

9 + 2