Yerkes Intelligence Testing During World War I

These flashcards cover key concepts and findings from Robert Yerkes' intelligence testing during World War I, focusing on its aims, methods, criticisms, and legacy.

What was the primary aim of Yerkes' intelligence testing during World War I?

To classify military recruits based on their cognitive abilities for suitable military roles.

What significant finding did Yerkes claim regarding the average mental age of American recruits?

Yerkes claimed the average mental age was just 13 years.

What were the two main tests used in Yerkes' intelligence testing?

Army Alpha Test and Army Beta Test.

What did the Army Alpha Test assess?

Abstract reasoning, numerical ability, and problem-solving skills for literate recruits.

What was a major criticism of the Army Beta Test?

It still relied on English-language instructions, creating confusion for non-English-speaking soldiers.

How did Yerkes' findings reinforce racial stereotypes?

It suggested that intelligence was higher among Northern and Western Europeans and lower among Southern and Eastern Europeans, as well as African Americans.

What ethical concerns were raised about Yerkes' intelligence testing?

Lack of informed consent and the reinforcing of harmful racial stereotypes.

What impact did Yerkes’ study have on modern psychological testing?

It influenced the development of future psychological assessments, highlighting the need for ethical rigor and cultural sensitivity.

What legislative change was influenced by Yerkes' intelligence testing results?

The Immigration Restriction Act of 1924.

What cautionary lesson can be derived from Yerkes' intelligence testing legacy?

The misuse of psychology can perpetuate societal inequalities and harmful stereotypes.