connective tissues

cells are ___ apart than epithelial tissue cells

farther

they have an abundance of ___ ___ between them

extracellular matrix (ECM)

ECM is composed of __ ___ and a ___ ___

protein fibers; ground substance

most connective cells can ____

divide

most connective cells are well vasculated and ___

nourished

2 connective tissue broad categories

connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissue

connective tissues proper:

density is variable

connective tissue proper is either ___ or ___

loose; dense

high amount of ground substance and scattered fibers:

loose

fixed cells: stay in the

tissue for an extended period of time

wandering cells:

move throughout the body

macrophages (a.k.a. histiocytes) start as…

WBC’s

macrophages are specialized to carry out:

phagocytosis

macrophages clear out:

foreign particles

macrophages are ___ cells

wandering

mast cells are large and…

widely distributed

tend to be near blood vessels

mast cells

mast cells release ___ which prevents ___

heparin; clotting

mast cells release histamine which causes

inflammation and allergies

mast cells are non wandering: T  or F

F

fibroblasts are __ cells

fixed

are fibroblasts small or large

large

fibroblasts secrete proteins into ___ to produce ___

ECM; fibers

fibroblasts produce 3 kinds of fibers:

collagenous, elastic, reticular

collagneous:

hold structures together with great strength

collagenous is found in

tendons

elastic:

stretches easily; branching

elastic is found in

vocal chords

reticular: very thin…

collagenous fibers; form support networks

mast cells secrete: 

heparin and histamine

dense connective tissue:

binds organs

dense connective tissue is found in

tendons, ligaments, deeper layers of skin

areolar:

Binds organs, holds tissue fluids

areolar is found beneath…

skin and epithelial tissue; between muscles

adipose:

protects, insulates, stores fat

adipose is found:

beneath skin and surface of heart

reticular tissue:

supports liver and spleen

hyaline cartilage:

Supports, protects, provides framework

cartilage is…

rigid

hyaline cartilage is found in:

nose, end of bones

elastic cartilage:

Supports, protects, flexible framework

elastic cartilage is found in:

External ear and parts of larynx

fibrocartilage

Supports, protects, absorbs shock

fibrocartiladge is found between

vertebrae, parts of pelvic girdle and the knee

bone:

supports, protects, provides framework

bone is rigid due to

mineral salts between cells

ECM contains:

collagenous fibers

bone contains 

red marrow

red marrow creates

blood cells

red marrow stores and releases

inorganic chemicals

examples of inorganic chemicals are

phosphorus and calcium

blood:

transports substances, homeostasis

blood is composed of formed elements in a liquid ___ called ___

ECM; plasma

RBC’s:

transport oxygen throughout body

top view of RBC’s is

round

side view of RBC’s are ___ to help ___

curvy; oxygen bond

WBC’s

help fight infections

Platelets:

help with blood clotting

RBC’s do not have a…

nucleus

cartilage heals slowly due to lack of

direct vasculation

is hyaline the least or most common cartilage

most common

chondrocytes occupy…

lacunae

chondrocytes: specialized cells found in ___ that produce and maintain the ___

cartilage; extracellular matrix

chondrocytes: provide

strength and flexibility to the tissue

perichondrium: connective tissue surrounding…

a cartilaginous structure

perichondrium provides

blood vessels

bone is deposited in thin layers called:

lamellae

bone cells:

osteocytes

osteocytes are located in ___ and spaced throughout ____

lacunae; lamelle

osteocytes form

rings

osteons cemented together form the

substance of bones

every central canal contains

a blood vessel

osteocytes have many ___ ____  that pass through small tubes in ECM called___

cytoplasmic extensions; canaliculi

LOOK AT DRAWING

.