Chapter 3. Treatment Procedures of the Skeletal System

MEDICATION: Bisphosphonates

a class of drugs used to slow the loss of bone density due to osteoporosis; reduce rick of broke bones

MEDICATIONS: Low dose of hormone replacement therapy

sometime used for short term to maintain bone density in women at high risk for bone loss after menopause

Stem cell (bone marrow) transplant (BMT)

used to treat certain types of cancers; leukemia and lymphomas

Allogeneic stem cell (bone marrow) transplant

uses healthy stem cells from a compatible donor, often a sibling. If not a perfect match, the danger the recipient's body will reject the transplant.

Autologous bone marrow transplant

patient recieves his or her own bone marrow cells; that have been harvested (usually hip) cleansed, treated, and stored before the remaining bone marrow in the patient's body undergoes treatment

Peripheral blood stem cell transplant

utilizes blood-foorm stem cells from the bloodstream of the patient or donor; blood is returned to donor after cells are removed and stored

MEDICAL DEVICE: Orthotic

mechanical appliance (shoe insert, leg brace, or splint) is specially designed to support, control, correct, or compensate for a impaired limb function

MEDICAL DEVICE: Prosthesis

a subsitute for a diseased or missing body part (leg or hand) that has been amputated.

JOINT: ACL reconstruction

a surgery to replace a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee

JOINT: Arthrodesis (surgical ankylosis)

surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint; ankle, elbow, or shoulder; preformed to treat severe arthritis or a damaged joint by immobilization

JOINT: Arthroscopic surgery

minimally invasion procedure for the treatment of the inferior joint

JOINT: Bone grafting

a surgical procedure using transplanted bone; hip, leg, or rib; to repair and rebuild bones damaged by injury or disease

JOINT: Synovectomy

surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint usually the knee

JOINT REPLACEMENT: Arthroplasty

surgical repair of a damaged joint; term now usually refers to the resurfacing of the bones, surgical placement of an artificial joint

JOINT REPLACEMENT: Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

all of the parts of the knee are replaced; usually caused by damage to joint from arthritis

JOINT REPLACEMENT: Partial Knee Replacement (PKR)

procedure in only part of the knee is replaced; can be medial (inner) or lateral (outer) part of joint, or patella. Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are preserved

JOINT REPLACEMENT: Total hip replacement (THR)

preformed to restore a damaged hip to dull function

JOINT REPLACEMENT: Hip resurfacing arthroplasty

alternative to removing the head of the femur; placing a metal cap over to allow it to move it smoothly over a metal lining acetabulum

JOINT REPLACEMENT: Shoulder replacement surgery

repairs injuries to this joint by replacing the top of the humerus with a metal ball, and damaged portion of the socket with a plastic prosthesis

SPINAL COLUMN: Amputation

surgical or accidental removal of a limb

SPINAL COLUMN: percutaneous diskectomy

preformed to treat a herniated intervertebral disk that does not respond to physical therapy or other treatments

SPINAL COLUMN: percutaneous vertebroplasty

preformed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures

SPINAL COLUMN: laminectomy

sirgical removal of the laminate, or posterior portion of a vertebra

SPINAL COLUMN: Spinal fusion

technique to immobilize part of the spine by joing together (fusing) two or more vertebrae

BONES: decompressive craniectomy

surgical removal of a portion of the skull

BONES: craniotomy

surgical incision or opening into the skul

BONES: Osteorrhaphy

surgical suturing, or wiring together of bones

BONES: Osteotomy

surgical cutting and reshaping of a bone

TREATMENT OF FRACTURES: Closed reduction (manipulation)

attempted non-surgical realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation

TREATMENT OF FRACTURES: Open reduction

surgical procedure required to realign the bone parts if closed reduction is not practical

TREATMENT OF FRACTURES: Immobilization (stabilization)

act of holding, suturing, ot fastening the bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast

TREATMENT OF FRACTURES: Traction

a pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment

TREATMENT OF FRACTURES: External fixation

a fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place diring healing; when healed , appliance is removed

TREATMENT OF FRACTURES: Internal fixation (open reduction internal fixation) (ORIF)

a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hokd thee broken pieces jn place