AP HUG Unit 3.2

What is a physical landscape?

The visible features of the natural environment such as mountains rivers forests and other landforms.

What is a cultural landscape?

The visible modification of the natural landscape by humans in ways that reflect culture.

What is the built environment?

The human-made surroundings in which people live including buildings roads neighborhoods and other constructed features.

What can cultural landscapes reveal?

A society's values history religion language economic activities ethnicity and relationship with the environment.

What major features can be used to interpret a cultural landscape?

Agricultural practices industrial and economic practices religion language sequent occupance and architecture.

How do agricultural practices shape cultural landscapes?

Different farming methods modify land in distinctive ways and reflect a culture's environment technology and traditions.

What are examples of distinctive agricultural landscapes?

Terraced rice fields in Asia and Southeast Asia and large cornfields in the U.S. Midwest.

How do industrial and economic practices affect cultural landscapes?

They create features such as factories commercial areas transportation systems and housing patterns that reflect a place's economic history.

What is placelessness?

The loss of local uniqueness when landscapes become increasingly similar or standardized.

What is an example of placelessness?

Similar chain stores restaurants and commercial developments appearing across many different locations.

How can industrial history create a distinctive landscape?

Baltimore row houses were originally constructed for industrial workers and remain part of the city's cultural and economic landscape.

How does religion affect cultural landscapes?

Religions create sacred spaces and distinctive structures such as churches mosques temples and shrines.

How does language appear in the cultural landscape?

Through signs advertisements place names and other written features that reveal which cultural groups occupy an area.

What is an example of language shaping the cultural landscape?

English-Chinese signs in New York City Chinatowns and English-Spanish signs in Miami reflect local populations.

What is sequent occupance?

The idea that successive cultures leave layers of their influence on a place so past cultures remain visible in the present landscape.

What is a major example of sequent occupance?

Hagia Sophia in Istanbul reflects Byzantine Christian Ottoman Muslim secular Turkish and modern Muslim influences over time.

How can place names demonstrate sequent occupance?

Older toponyms may remain after a new culture takes control and preserve evidence of previous cultural occupants.

What is traditional architecture?

Architecture that reflects local cultural traditions and needs and often uses locally available materials and building techniques.

What is an example of traditional architecture?

Adobe architecture in the American Southwest uses local materials and building techniques suited to the regional climate.

What is modern architecture?

A style emphasizing simple geometric forms straight lines little ornamentation and function over form.

What is postmodern architecture?

Architecture that emphasizes cultural expression distinctive forms and both form and function as a reaction against modernism.

What is an example of postmodern architecture?

The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao uses dramatic forms so the building itself becomes culturally expressive.

How does ethnicity shape cultural landscapes?

Ethnic groups may cluster in neighborhoods where their language businesses religion food and traditions become visible in the landscape.

What are ethnic neighborhoods?

Areas where members of a particular ethnic group are spatially concentrated often helping preserve cultural identity and traditions.

How does gender affect cultural landscapes?

Cultural ideas about gender roles influence how public spaces workplaces transportation and services are designed and used.

What is an example of gender shaping the built environment?

Greater participation of women in the workforce contributed to increased demand for workplace-based child-care centers and other services.

How can Indigenous communities be reflected in cultural landscapes?

Their spatial distribution can reflect traditional relationships with land as well as histories of displacement and forced removal.

What do Native American reservations reveal about the U.S. cultural landscape?

Their distribution reflects a history of discrimination forced removal and concentration of Indigenous peoples onto designated lands.