bio ch 3

polar

Water is a good solvent due to its _________ nature

uneven

water is a polar molecule, which means it has an _______ distribution of charge

V

water is shaped like a "_"

oxygen

which has a slight - charge, oxygen or hydrogen

hydrogen

which has a slight + charge, oxygen or hydrogen

cohesion

what is the bonding together of like molecules to hold a substance together?

adhesion

when water was sticking to the penny - water bonds to other molecules

capillary action

occurs when the adhesion of the wall of plants/capillary tube is stronger than the cohesive forces of water (both are required)

capillary

why roots of plants work how they do can be described by __________ action

surface tension

a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

high

water has a _____ surface tension due to hydrogen bonding

specific heat

the amount of heat that must be absorbed/lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1 degree C

tension water

surface ________ allows organisms to live on _______

water

specific heat is important to humans during the winter in nebraska because... people are mostly made of _______ so you won't freeze because water has a high specific heat capacity

heat of vaporization

the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state

evaporation cooling

as liquid evaporates, the surface of the liquid that remains cools down (this is also why sweating cools the body)

less

solid water is _____ dense than liquid water

4

water is most dense at _ degrees C (at the bottom of every lake, no matter the time of year) (you have to know this!!!)

lake turnover

water being densest at 4 degrees C causes ______ ____________

nutrient

lake turnover causes n_________ movement

good

water is a universal solvent but don't call it that, call it a ______ solvent

polar

like dissolves like, it dissolves other polar things, this is due to its _______ nature

solution

a liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

solvent

dissolving agent

solute

substance (stuff) being dissolved

solvent solute

water mixed with koolaid, water is the ______, koolaid is the _____

hydrogen ion

we call H+ a

hydroxide ion

we call OH- a

acid

a substance that increases the H+ (hydrogen ion) concentration of a solution

base/alkaline

a substance that reduces the H+ (hydrogen ion) concentration

14

on the pH scale, the numbers always add to ___

10^-13

if H+ = 10^-1, then OH- = what?

10

on the pH scale, 1 is __ times more acidic than 2

buffer

a substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution

pH

buffers prevent large changes in what?

carbonic

_________ acid is a good buffer

hydrophobic

molecule that does not have an affinity for water... non polar, oil as an example

hydrophilic

molecule that does have an affinity for water... polar

transparent

how the properties of water are significant to living organisms... water is t_________ which allows aquatic plants and phytoplankton to photosynthesize

polar covalent

(talking about one water molecule here): hydrogen and oxygen atoms are held together by __________ bonds

polar

a water molecule is ________ because electrons are not shared equally

dissolve good solvent

because of its polarity, water can __________ most substances, and because of this it is referred to as a ______ __________

vaporization

when water changes from a liquid to a gas

condensation

when water changes from a gas to a liquid