History of Architecture

Calasiao

Built by Fr. Ramon Dalmau, this is one of the largest church in Pangasinan which is said to have the second best belltower in the Philippines

Church of the Holy Sepulcher

This church contains 2 of the most important sites in Christianity

Okir

In the Lumad boathouse, rectilinear and curvilinear plant-based designs called _______________ were used.

Hammurabi

This Babylonian King is best known for promulgating a code of laws that were inscribed on massive steles

Hammurabi’s Code

the first code of laws in human history

All of the Listed

The Angkor Wat, Angkor, Cambodia _______________.

Wabi

An aesthetic that is based on the principle of honesty and understatement

Hieroglyphics

The system of writing in Ancient Egypt is called ______

Hypostyle Hall

Prevalent in ancient Egyptian and Achaemenid architecture, this large space with a flat roof supported by rows of columns is called _______________.

sharp edge formed by the meeting of 2 surfaces

In Greek architecture, arris is a _____________.

Stonehenge

A famous assemblage of upright stones arranged in concentric rings with an altar slab at the center.

Parian

The only gateway in Intramuros where Chinese tradesmen were allowed to sell their wares.

Pentellic Marble

The famous variety of marble that was preferred by ancient Greek sculptors is _______

Baroque

This style of architecture interpreted the Renaissance in a dramatic, theatrical, and sculptural fashion.

Nightingale Floor

In a traditional Japanese architecture, this is a security device designed to warn residents of the presence of intruders

Imnoteph

__________ is the architect of King Djoser's funerary complex at Saqqara, which is one of the earliest monumental stone structures in Egypt.

Bramante

______ presented Pope Julius Il with the first design for the new St. Peters Basilica

Chief Christopher Wren

__________ was the chief architect of St. Paul's cathedral in England.

Paco Park

Used to be called Cementerio General de Dilao

Rumah Adat

The distinctive style of traditional housing unique to each ethnic group in Indonesia.

Pai Lous

Chinese gateways erected as memorials for the deceased persons of distinction.

Barasoain

48.A historic church where the inauguration of the Philippines First Republic was held

Dougong

A unique structural element of interlocking wooden brackets, one of the most important elements in traditional chinese, japanese and korean architecture.

Used exclusively by the Thai Royal Family

The Wat Phra Keow in Bangkok, Thailand is ______

Tatami

The dimensions of the _______ were derived from the measurements of the human body and is one of the basic units of Japanese planning.

Renaissance Architecture

This period was characterized by the rise of monastic communities, papal power, the growth of towns commercial activity and rivalry with the church at center.

Jericho

Oldest town in the world

Loboc

Bohol church that contained the biggest number of mural on the walls and ceiling

Italian Renaissance

This renaissance style reverted to the basilican type with columns and wooden roofs, domes over square, polygonal, or Greek cross plans, and delicate

Laws of the Indies

The _____ is a comprehensive guide of 148 ordinances developed by King Philip II to aid colonists in locating, building, and populating settlements

Garuda

A Hindu and Budddhist mythical creature, which is half-bird, half-man, and serves as guardians.

Gate to the City of Babylon

Ishtar Gate is the ___________

Panolong

The decorative extended floor beam of the Maranaw house

Opus Tessellatum

The roman floor pavement design features small tesserae arranged in horizontal or vertical rows for backgrounds

Felix Rojas

First qualified Philippine architect who designed the Sto. Domingo Church and San Ignacio Church in Intramuros

Brunelleschi

________________ successfully completed the dome for the unfinished Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence.

Sarcophagus

An elaborate coffin for an important personage, of terra-cotta, wood, stone, metal, or other material, decorated with painting, carving, etc. and large enough to contain only the body. If larger, it becomes a tomb.

Sacred Enclosure of a Greek City

Temenos is ________________

Michelangelo

_____________ is credited with inventing the giant order (large pilasters that stretch from the bottom to the top of a façade) which he used in his design for the Campidoglio in Rome.

Tenochtitlan

The ancient capital of the Aztec empire which is located in modern-day mexico city.

San Sebastian Church

This Filipino church incorporated metal construction made in Belgium in accordance with the design drawn up by Genaro Palacios y Guerra

Tipi

A conical tent originally made of skins and popularized by the American Indians of the Great Plains.

The Dome of the Rock on the Temple Mount

Associated with mystical night journey and the ascension of the Prophet Mohammad, this is known as the Noble Sanctuary and is the third holiest shrine of Islam

Las Pinas

The church that has the world famous bamboo organ

Megalith

Giant Monoliths in prehistoric society

Dolmen

Literally means stone table and used as grave sites

Menhir/ Monolith

It is a single, great upright stone

Cromlech

A two or more upright stones supporting a stone

Stone Circle

Upright stones in a circular arrangement.

Stone Row

Upright stones in a linear arrangement

Obelisk

s a tall 4-sided narrow tapering column terminating in a pyramidion, its most sacred part.

Stonehenge

Best known stone circle in Wiltshire, England

Wetu

a domed hut, used by some north-eastern Native American tribes such as the Wampanoag

Wickiup

a hut consisting of an oval frame covered with brushwood or grass, formerly used by nomadic peoples in the western and southwestern US.

Avebury

a Neolithic henge monument containing three stone circles, around the village of Avebury in Wiltshire, in south-west England.

Talbot

(also known as the St. Hubert Hound) was a type of hunting hound common in England during the Middle Ages.

Skara Brae

Oldest neolithic settlement to date in Europe

Paleolithic Period

Prehistoric age when early men hunted and gathered food and lived in rock shelters

Mesolithic Period

The prehistoric age when early humans built huts from bones, animal hides, reeds, and grass. They also made canoes for fishing and fashioned stone tools like the bow.

Neolithic Period

The prehistoric age when early humans were learning agriculture, domesticating animals, practicing burial rituals, and building tombs.

Bronze Age

The most advanced metalworks with copper, building huts with stones, mud, straw, and animal hides. Cuneiform and hieroglyphics writing system.

Iron Age

An age when weapons were made of iron and steel. Houses were constructed from mud, stone, and wood with thatched roofs. Moreover, communities lived in hill forts and had religious beliefs, traditions, and culture.

Tumulus

Prehistoric mound used as a grave site

Wigwam

Native American domical structure made up of organic materials

Stone Tower of Jericho, Palestine

• Oldest Skycraper

• Forms part of the earliest Neolithic settlements of Jericho, the oldest city on earth.

Lean-to

a type of simple structure originally added to an existing building with the rafters "leaning" against another wall. Free-standing structures open on one or more sides (colloquially referred to as lean-tos in spite of being unattached to anything) are generally used as shelters.

Shieling

a roughly constructed hut used while pasturing animals

Rock Shelter

A shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff.

Cahokia Mounds

Prehistoric truncated earthen mounds in Illinois, USA

Katal Huyuk

A neolithic settlement, had rectangular, single-roomed huts with mud-plastered walls and floors.

Gobekli Tepe

Believed to be the oldest place of worship / sanctuary.

Hagar Qim Temple and Tomb Complex

Neolithic megalithic temple with subterranean hypogeum for burial in Malta.

Dilmun Burial Mounds

The largest prehistoric burial mounds in the world are found in Bahrain.

Capacocha

A practice known for sacrificing children during the Ancient Inca period was performed during or after important events, such as the death of the Sapa Inca (emperor) or during a famine.

Pre-Columbian Architecture

The extensive paved surfaces were not only used for ceremonies but as run-off surface for rainwater collection.

Aztec Architecture

Presented a sense of order and symmetry, and its design elements were portrayals of the power of its kingdom.

The Mayan Corbel Vault

Has no keystone, as European arches do, making it appear more like a narrow triangle than an archway.

Maya never mastered keystone technology

The Mayan Corbel Vault been suggested that its unusual form exists because of

Mesa Verde

has over 4,700 archaeological sites including 600 cliff dwellings and the mesa top sites of pithouses, pueblos, masonry towers, and farming structures, with many more yet to be revealed. These sites are some of the most notable and best-preserved dwellings in the United States.

Paso Blanco

a town in the Panamá province of Panama.

Mississippi Hills National Heritage Area

is a federally designated National Heritage Area in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Mississippi.

Chicago Tumulus

historic earthen burial mounds built by Native Americans and is found in the city’s historic cemeteries

Central America

The Olmec, Mayan, Toltec, and Aztec cultures flourished in

Olmec, Teotihuacan, Toltec, Aztec and the Maya

Five Major Civilizations of Mesoamerica

Pre-Columbian Architecture

Architecture of the indigenous civilizations of Mesoamerica and the Andes and of neighboring cultures before the 16th century AD.

Temple Pyramids

Common among the Olmec, Mayan, Toltec and Aztec cultures was the development of

MesoAmerica

Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

Teotihuacan

It was the largest city in the pre-Columbian western hemisphere.

Pyramid of the Sun

An important 4-stage temple that forms part of the complex at Teotihuacan.

Citadel & Temple of Quetzalcoatl

Also known as ‘The Feathered Serpent’ in Teotihuacan, the levels are separated by deep friezes (tableros).

Temple of Kukulkan (Feathere Serpent) or El Castillo

During the Equinox, the shadows from the corner tiers slither down the northern side of the pyramid with the sun’s movement to the serpent’s head at the base

The symbolic descent of Kukulkan

A phenomenon that is believed to be connected with agricultural rituals.

Temple of the Warriors

It is fronted and flanked by rows of carved columns depicting warriors.

Great Ball Court

Largest ball court in ancient Mesoamerica (166 by 68m) It has bas-relief of Maya & Toltec players against a richly carved background of plants & serpents.

Milta

The most important religious center of the Zapotec culture. The palaces have geometric patterns on walls.

Palace of the Governors, Uxmal

Raised on a plain platform with a richly decorated upper building, one of the best examples of Puuc architecture.

Tenochtitlan

The center of the Aztec World, and also known as Old Mexico.

The Aztec

Also known as Mexica, and was the last major major civilization of Mesoamerica.

Mesopotamia

Land between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates

Temple Mayor

Was the center of the universe according to Aztec belief.