RPH Chapt 3

The Historian's Imperative

Definition: Moving beyond rote memorization and stepping into the role of an actual historical investigator.

Skill Development

Definition: Mastering analytical tools needed to dissect, evaluate, and interpret diverse historical sources.

Evidence-Based Argumentation

Definition: Using primary sources to argue rigorously for or against specific historical issues.

History, reconstructed

___ is not handed to us as a complete narrative; it must be systematically _____.

Raw Evidence

Definition: Historical sources are the original, foundational materials containing vital information about the past.

Baseline of History

Definition: Historical sources are the basic clues or raw data needed to study, question, and understand human events.

Beyond the Written Word

Definition: Historical sources include not only written documents but also physical artifacts, geographic features, and archaeological sites.

Archive

Definition: The diverse collection of surviving materials and evidence used to study and reconstruct the past.

Past Events

Definition: History examines past events and traces the origins of modern religions, customs, and institutions.

Present Understanding

Definition: History establishes cause-and-effect relationships and helps decode complex national and international problems.

Future Predictions

Definition: History guides progressively emerging future goals based on knowledge of the past.

Continuous Dialogue

Definition: History operates as a continuous dialogue connecting the past, present, and future.

External Criticism

Definition: The process of determining the authenticity or genuineness of a historical source.

Internal Criticism

Definition: The process of determining the accuracy, truthfulness, and reliability of a source's contents.

External asks “Is it authentic?”; Internal asks “Is the content accurate and truthful?”

External vs. Internal Criticism

:

Critical Thinking Foundation

Definition: Historical analysis is rooted in socratic methods of seeking evidence and examining core assumptions.

Socratic Method

Definition: A questioning method that emphasizes seeking evidence and examining assumptions.

To avoid simply accepting information and instead question, examine, and evaluate evidence.

Purpose of Critical Thinking

:

Chronicle

Definition: An ordered record of a series of events as they happened.

Speech

Definition: The articulate expression of thoughts and feelings through sound to an audience.

Declaration of Principles

Definition: a paradigm on equality establishing emerging legal or moral principles

Cartoons

Definition: Satirical and humorously exaggerated drawings used for social commentary.

Memoirs

Definition: An account or biography written from personal, firsthand knowledge.

Paintings

Definition: Visual artworks that capture events, emotions, or social realities on a surface.

Proclamation

Definition: A public and official announcement concerning matters of state.

a public official announcement regarding matters of a great state importance

Film

Definition: Motion pictures using visual art and sound to construct a moving narrative.

Chronicle, Speech, Declaration of Principles, Cartoons, Memoirs, Paintings, Proclamation, and Film.

Diversity of the Archive are

:

Illustration and Motivation; Evidence for Historical Inquiry; Visual or Textual Interpretation; Source Analysis.

Four Dimensions of Source Utility

:

Illustration and Motivation

Definition: Brings abstract concepts to life, makes the past real, and sparks curiosity.

Evidence for Historical Inquiry

Definition: Provides the factual basis needed to prove, disprove, or complicate a historical hypothesis.

Visual or Textual Interpretation

Definition: Requires investigators to decode subtext, symbolism, and hidden meanings.

Source Analysis

Definition: Develops the critical habit of questioning a source's origin, bias, context, and intent.

Primary Sources

Definition: Sources that give us first-person snippets or direct evidence from the past.

Primary sources

: ____ promote active reading but demand rigorous interrogation.

Because primary sources can be incomplete, contradictory, and biased.

Why Interrogate Primary Sources?

:

Incomplete Sources

Definition: Sources that lack broad context and provide only part of the historical picture.

Work with multiple sources to discover hidden patterns and broader context.

How to Handle Incomplete Sources

:

They contradict

Definition: Sources containing differing viewpoints or accounts that may clash

differing viewpoints will invetably clash. We must wrestle these contradictions to confront the true complexity of the past.

Different creators have different perspectives, experiences, purposes, and biases.

Why Sources Contradict

:

They contain bias

Definition: Sources influenced by the creator's purpose and point of view. That's why we must challenge their assumptions

Ultimate Goal

Definition: Synthesize multiple primary sources, integrate prior knowledge, and construct reasoned, evidence-based conclusions.

Architecture of Interrogation

Definition: A disciplined methodology used to properly assess a historical artifact

Concrete Observations

Definition: Identify what can directly be seen or observed in the source.

Contextualization

Definition: Determine the time, place, and historical circumstances surrounding the source.

Questioning Intent

Definition: Determine why the creator made the source and what they wanted the audience to think or feel.

Inference & Synthesis

Definition: Draw conclusions from evidence and combine information from multiple sources.

Concrete Observation → Contextualization → Questioning Intent → Inference & Synthesis

Architecture Sequence

:

Visual Media

Definition: Visual sources that capture a moment in time, but whose lens is never completely objective.

Inventory, The Photographer, and The Unseen.

3 ways in analyzing a photograph

Inventory

Definition: Catalog the specific people, objects, and activities visible in the frame.

The Photographer

Definition: Ask who took the photograph, where, and why, and identify evidence supporting the conclusion.

The Unseen

Definition: What the image reveals that you might not learn from other sources.

: Motion & Action and Audience Manipulation.

2 ways in analyzing a video

Motion & Action

Definition: Note shifting places, people, movements, and specific activities.

Audience Manipulation

: Examine what emotional or intellectual response the filmmaker wants and how moving images create that response.

Text & Audio

Definition: Words and sound rely on structure, ____, and specific diction to convey historical meaning or truth.

Subject, Time, Place, and Text Organization.

Core Anatomy of Written Documents

:

The Thesis

Definition: A single, precise sentence summarizing the entire document

Author's Style & Purpose

Definition: Examine how the author writes and determine exactly why the author created the document.

Quote direct, textual evidence that reveals why author wrote it

Tone & Mood, Content Inventory, and Intended Reaction

Sound Recording Analysis

:

Tone & Mood

Definition: Examines the emotional weight or atmosphere of the audio.

Hwat us the enotional weight of the audio

Content Inventory

Definition: Identifies specific topics and individuals mentioned.

Intended Reaction

Definition: Examines how the speaker attempts to move or influence the listener through sound and speech.

Art and Propaganda, persuade

Definition: Art and satire blend visual and textual elements to immortalize, ____, or critique.

Balance of Persuasion

Definition: Determines whether a work persuades mainly through printed words, visuals, or both equally.

Color & Symbolism

Definition: Examines the main colors and the deeper realities represented by visual symbols.

Labels & Dialogue

Definition: Identifies words, phrases, labels, or thoughts that are historically significant.

Exaggeration

Definition: Identifies exaggerated emotions or political/social features and determines what they represent.

Customs of the Tagalogs (Chronicles)

Definition: A 1589 chronicle written by Juan de Plasencia administrative and religious guide for spanish colonizers attempting to understand the social and spiritual structures of indigenous filipino

Juan de Plasencia, O.S.F., a Franciscan friar

Author is?

1589

Date

: .

Served as an administrative and religious guide for Spanish colonizers.

Purpose

:

He viewed indigenous animism through a strict 16th-century Catholic lens.

Plasencia's Bias

:

Catolonan

Definition: Honorable men/women of rank and primary spiritual leaders

Sonat

Definition: Preacher who aided the dying and predicted soul salvation.

Bayoguin

Definition: A man described as having a nature inclined toward that of a woman who served as an intermediary.

Mangagauay

Definition: Pretend healers described as capable of inducing disease or death.

Manyisalat

Definition: Practitioners associated with love potions and curses.

Hocloban

Definition: Witches in Catanduanes described as able to heal or kill by raising a hand.

Pangatahojan

Definition: Soothsayers who predicted the future.

Mangagayoma

Definition: Creators of charms infused with love.

Magtatangal

Definition: A figure described as appearing at night without a head or entrails

Mancocolam

Definition: A figure described as emitting unextinguishable fire while wallowing in filth.

Silagan

Definition: A figure described as tearing out the liver of anyone clothed in white.

Osuang

Definition: Flying sorcerers described as consuming human flesh.

Kartilya ng Katipunan (Declaration if Principles

Definition: A declaration of principles and ethical doctrine for Katipunan recruits.

Emilio Jacinto.

Author?

:

1896

Date

: .

Andres Bonifacio

Originally penned the Decalogue by ____before Jacinto's Kartilya was adopted.

To teach moral virtue and ethical principles to Katipunan recruits

Main Purpose

: .

Equality

Definition: All people are born equal regardless of skin color.

Honor

Definition: A person's word is his oath.

Paghirang sa supremo bilang hari(memoirs), Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan

A memoir from _______describing Bonifacio's reception by the Magdiwang faction. follwing the tejeros convention

General Emilio Aguinaldo.

Author

:

Memoir

Type

: .

Magdiwang

: The faction that reportedly welcomed Bonifacio with grand celebration, brass bands, Te Deums, golden sashes, and the title Haring Bayan.

King of the People

Definition: “______,” the title given to Bonifacio in the account.

Magdalo

Definition: Aguinaldo's faction, portrayed as exhausted and engaged in fighting the Spanish at the Zapote River

Zapote river

San ginaganap ung intense fighting with spanish

bonifacio, magdalo

Act of Declaration of Independence

A proclamation declaring Philippine independence and presenting grievances against Spanish rule.