NSAIDs & Related Drugs

NSAIDs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenases (COX1 & 2) and have analgesic, anti-pyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects

Prostanoid Mediators

Mediators derived from arachidonic acid at sites of drug action, contributing to inflammation and pain

ASA

Acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, which irreversibly acetylates COX and provides analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects

LT

Leukotriene, a pro-inflammatory mediator derived from arachidonic acid, contributing to inflammation and bronchoconstriction

Phospholipase A2

An enzyme involved in the production of prostanoid mediators from arachidonic acid, contributing to inflammation and pain

COX-2 Selective Inhibitors

Drugs designed to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by the inducible COX-2 isoenzyme at sites of inflammation without affecting the action of COX-1

Acetaminophen

An analgesic and antipyretic drug that is a weak COX1 and COX2 inhibitor in the periphery, but has no significant anti-inflammatory effect

Adverse Effects

Unintended and usually harmful effects of a drug, including gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, skin, and hematologic effects

Salicylic Acid Derivatives

Drugs derived from salicylic acid, such as aspirin, with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects

Propionic Acid Derivatives

Drugs derived from propionic acid, including ibuprofen, with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects

Acetic Acid Derivatives

Drugs derived from acetic acid, such as indomethacin, with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects

Aryl Acetic Acid Derivatives

Drugs derived from aryl acetic acid, like diclofenac, with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects

COX-2 Enzyme

An enzyme targeted by COX-2 selective inhibitors, involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins at sites of inflammation

Celecoxib

A selective COX-2 inhibitor with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects, and lower incidence of gastric irritation than most NSAIDs

Valdecoxib & Rofecoxib

COX-2 inhibitors withdrawn from the market due to increased incidence of myocardial infarction

Gastric Adverse Effects

Unintended and harmful effects of drugs on the stomach, including irritation, ulcers, and bleeding

COXIBS

Selective COX2 inhibitors, like celecoxib, with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects, and reduced gastric irritation

Metabolic Acidosis

A condition characterized by low pH in the blood and body tissues, often caused by salicylate intoxication

N-Acetylcysteine

A treatment for acetaminophen overdose that supplies -SH groups and helps prevent liver damage

Phenacetin

A drug metabolized to acetaminophen, responsible for its analgesic effect

Reactive Intermediate

A chemically reactive molecule formed during acetaminophen metabolism, leading to liver and renal toxicity

Gastric Mucosal Prostaglandins

Prostaglandins that protect the stomach lining from irritation and ulceration, affected by NSAIDs