Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the behavior of electrons in atoms and the periodic table.

Diatomic element

An element that exists as molecules composed of two atoms.

Inert nature

The tendency of some elements to be unreactive, as seen in noble gases like helium.

Periodic law

Mendeleev's observation that elements arranged by increasing atomic number exhibit recurring properties.

Bohr model

A model proposing that electrons travel in fixed orbits around the nucleus at specific distances.

Quantum-mechanical model

A model that describes electrons as existing in orbitals, representing a probability distribution rather than fixed paths.

Wavelength

The distance between adjacent wave crests; a characteristic of light.

Photon

A particle of light that carries a specific amount of energy.

Emission spectrum

The spectrum of light emitted by an atom when it is energized.

Ground state

The lowest energy state of an atom, with electrons in the lowest available orbitals.

Valence electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.

Ionization energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state.