Exercise 11: Flowers

Flowers

modified twigs adopted primarily for reproduction, which ultimately forms fruits and seeds; consists of modified leaves

stigma

a.

style

b.

ovary

c.

pistil

d.

anther

e.

filament

f.

petal

g.

sepal

h.

stamen

i.

Accessory and Reproductive Parts

2 major parts of a complete flower

Petals and Sepals

composition of accessory parts/flower envelope/perianth

pistil and stamen

composition of reproductive parts

Pistil

female reproductive part

Stigma

slightly enlarged tip of the style on which pollen is deposited at pollination

Cross and Self Pollination

Two types of Pollination

Apis

known as a bee which is a pollinator

Style

long and thin filament that serve as passageway for pollen grains to move from stigma to the ovary

Ovary

swollen basal part of a pistil which carries the ovules in which fertilized eggs developed

Carpel

female reproductive part of a flower which is collectively known as pistil; gynoecium

Pistil

composed of Stigma, Style, and Ovary

Monocarpous

gynoecium has a single carpel

Apocarpous

multiple, distinct (free, unfused) carpel

Syncarpous

multiple fused (connate) into a single structure

Stamen

male reproductive part of a flower; Androecium

Anther

where pollens are formed

Filaments

stalk holding the pollen at its tip

Anther and Filament

composition of the stamen

Petals (Corolla)

innermost whorl surrounding the flowers reproductive parts that are usually brightly colored to attract pollination/pollinators

Receptacle (Torus)

thickened part of a stem from which the flower grows

Peduncle (Pedicel)

stalk supporting the flower

Color

Variable Features and Structure of Flowers that determines if it is a Day or Night Blooming Flowers

Brightly colored

Day blooming flowers are:

White, Cream, Flesh

Night blooming flowers are:

Day Blooming Flowers

Day or Night Blooming? Gerbera

Day Blooming Flowers

Day or Night Blooming? Sunflowers

Night Blooming Flowers

Day or Night Blooming? Dutchman’s Pipe

Odor

Variable Features and Structure of Flowers that is concerned with the sense of smell and aids in attracting pollinators

pleasant

Ilang-Ilang smells?

pungent/unpleasant

Corpse Flower smells?

parts present

In Variable Features and Structure of Flowers, a flower can be complete or incomplete depending on the _______________________

Complete Flower

a flower with the 4 main parts: petal, sepal, pistil, stamen

Incomplete Flower

a flower where one or more of the main parts are not present

Complete

Complete or Incomplete? Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)

Perfect or Imperfect

A flower’s sexuality can be ____________________ or ____________________.

Perfect

A flower’s sexuality is _______ when both stamen and carpel (pistil) is both present; it is bisexual or hermaphroditic

Imperfect

A flower’s sexuality is __________________ if only either stamen or carpel is present; unisexual

Monoecious

both male and female flowers are found on the same plant

Dioecious

imperfect flowers are borne on separate plants

Polygamous

perfect and imperfect flowers are found in a single plant

Rose, Tulips, Gumamela (Mostly angiosperms)

example of a Perfect Flower

Corn

example of an imperfect flower — monoecious

Papaya

example of an imperfect flower — dioecious

Date Palm

example of an imperfect flower — polygamous

Regular

The nature of flower petals when the members of each set of organs are of the same size and shape

Irregular

nature of flower (petals) when some members of one or more set of organs are different in size or shape or both

Orchidaceous

irregular flower with:

a. Sepals (Three outermost whorl)

b. Petals (Two innermost whorl)
c. Lip/Labellum (also a petal but with a different shape and size)

Orchidaceous (Cattleya)

Determine the type of irregular flower and its name

Papillonaceous

irregular flower with:

a. Standard petal/Banner (Outermost and largest part of the flower)

b. Wings/Alae (Two lateral petals)

c. Keels/Carinae (Two innermost and smallest petal)

Papillonaceous (Chicharo)

Determine the type of irregular flower and its name

Caesalpinaceous

irregular flower with:

a. Wings (two upper lateral petals)

b. Banner (innermost and smallest petal)

c. Keel (two lower lateral petals)

Caesalpinaceous (Caballero)

Determine the type of irregular flower and its name

Bilabiate or Two-Lipped

irregular flower with:

a. upper lip

b. lower lip

Bilabiate or Two-Lipped (Sage)

Determine the type of irregular flower and its name

Connation and Adnation

what are the types of fusion of floral plants

Connation

when like parts are fused or united

Adnation

when unlike parts are fused

Monocot

Flower parts in _______________ are in 3’s or multiple of 3’s

Dicot

Flower parts in _______________ are in 4’s or 5’s or multiple of 4’s or 5’s

Benguel Lily

example of monocots that are determined in their number of flower parts

Rosal

example of dicots that are determined in their number of flower parts

Actinomorphic or Zygomorphic

two kinds of symmetry in flowers

Actinomorphic

radial symmetry in which flowers can be divided into 2 equal halves along any plane

Zygomorphic

bilateral symmetry in which flowers can be divided into 2 equal halves only by a medial cut through the central axis

Hypogynous Flower

flowers that have a superior ovary

Perigynous Flower

ovary and other parts are the same level

Epigynous Flower

flowers that have an inferior ovary and the other parts are superior

axile

determine the placentation

parietal

determine the placentation

basal

determine the placentation

free-central

determine the placentation

marginal

determine the placentation

apical

determine the placentation

Inflorescence

flower cluster that may differ in the number of flowers borne, the sequence of flower maturation, the length of flower stalk, the number and arrangement of the floral branches or peduncle

Spike

flowers are attached directly to the main axis, without stalks type of inflorescence that has an elongated axis with sessile florets

Spike (Pancit-Pancitan)

type of inflorescence and name of plant

Raceme

type of inflorescence that has an elongated axis is unbranched, the flowers are provided with stalks/pedicle of equal length

Raceme (Golden Shower)

type of inflorescence and the name of the plant

Panicle

Inflorescence in which elongated axis are branched and flowers are pedicellate, opening all at the same time

Panicle (Rice)

type of inflorescence and the name of the plant

Corymb

inflorescence that has a more/less flat convex top because of the pedicel bearing the outer, older flowers are longer than the younger flowers are at the center

Corymb (Caballero)

type of inflorescence and the name of the plant

Umbel

type of inflorescence in which the axis is short so that all the pedicellate flowers radiate from the apex of the axis

Umbel (Japanese Bamboo)

type of inflorescence and plant name

Cyme

inflorescence is similar to a corymb except that the inner pedicelled flowers open first

Cyme (Santan)

type of inflorescence and name of plant name

Spadix

inflorescence with a fleshy spike bearing both female and male flowers, surrounded by a petaloid bract called spathe

Spadix (Calla Lily)

type of inflorescence and name of plant

Catkin/Ament

inflorescence is a special type of spike which is hanging/drooping; flower = unisexual

Catkin/Ament (Puntot pusa)

type of inflorescence and name of plant