macromolecules - biochemistry

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12 Terms

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macromolecule

a large molecule (polymers) made up of repeating smaller subunits called monomers

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four types of macromolecules:

  • carbohydrates

  • proteins (amino acids)

  • lipids (glycerol and hydrocarbons)

  • nucleic acids (nucleotides)

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monomers

  • linked using dehydration synthesis reaction/condensation (creates water)

  • HYDROLOSIS: breaking apart a macromolecule to a monomer

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carbohydrates

  • anything with a monomer of the form. (CH2O)n

  • these monomers are called MONOSACCHARIDES or simple sugars

  • simple sugars combine to form polysaccharides

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sugars

  • classified as ALDOSES or KETOSES depending where the double bonded oxygen is

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a-glucose

  • the alcohol on C#1 will be DOWN

<ul><li><p>the alcohol on C#1 will be DOWN</p></li></ul>
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b-glucose

  • alcohol on C#1 will be UP

<ul><li><p>alcohol on C#1 will be UP</p></li></ul>
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polysaccharides

  • starch

  • cellulose

  • glycogen

  • chitin

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starch

  • storage molecules in PLANTS

  • ALPHA 1,4 bonds between multiple glucose bonds

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cellulose

  • structural molecule in PLANTS

  • BETA 1,4 bonds

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glycogen

  • storage molecules in ANIMALS

  • BETA 1,4 & 1,6 bonds

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chitin

  • structural molecule in ANIMALS

  • ALPHA 1,4 bonds