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Forces of evolution
The factors that cause allele frequencies to change
Microevolution
• Change in gene pool of a population
• Change in relative frequency of alleles in population
• Evolution on smallest scale
Genetic Drift
Gene Flow
Mutation
Nonrandom Mating
Natural Selection
Causes of Microevolution:
Genetic Drift
• Changes in gene pool of a small population due to random chance
• Bottleneck effect
• Founder effect
Gene flow
Change in gene pool due to migration of fertile individuals or due to the transfer of gametes between populations
Mutation
Introduction of a new allele that causes the expression of a different trait which changes the gene frequency
Nonrandom mating
• Mates not randomly chosen
• Sexual selection
Natural Selection
• Differential reproductive success
• Some phenotypes selected against
