BIOMI 2600 Homework 2

How much greater is the resolving power of a light microscope than that of the naked eye?

1,000 fold

How much greater is the resolving power of an electron microscope than that of the naked eye?

100,000 fold

How much greater is the resolving power of X-ray crystallography than the naked eye?

1,000,000 fold

Which of the following types of microscopy typically allowed direct imaging of the specimen without any sort of stain?

Atomic force microscopy; cryo-electron microscopy

How much longer is E. coli, a typical sized bacterium, than the length of the largest known virus?

2-4 fold longer

Assume that Mycoplasma and Parvovirus are both spherical. What is the ratio of their volumes?

1000

What is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek best known for?

First observed bacteria in the microscope

What is Louis Pasteur best known for? (2 answers)

Developed the first vaccine that used an attenuated pathogen; Disproved spontaneous generation

Suppose Pasteur's swan-necked flasks containing boiled broth became cloudy 24 hours after boiling. Which answer could best explain the turbidity or cloudiness in the broth without supporting spontaneous generation?

Endospores in the broth survived boiling and grew after the broth cooled.

What is John Snow best known for?

Identified contaminated water as the cause of a cholera epidemic

What is Joseph Lister best known for?

Introduced antiseptic techniques during surgery

What is Robert Koch best known for? (4 answers)

Identified the cause of tuberculosis; Identified the cause of anthrax; Isolated pure clones of bacteria using solidified growth medium; Identified the chause of cholera

Anthrax is caused by a species of

Bacillus

Which of Koch's postulates was not satisfied in the identification of the cause of cholera? (2 answers)

The introduction of the microbe into a healthy host must cause the same disease; The microbe must be recovered from the newly diseased host

When Barry Marshall ingested a culture of Helicobacter pylori, he provided evidence that this organism can cause

Gastric Enteritis

What is Edward Jenner best known for?

Developed the first vaccine

Variola virus is the causative agent of smallpox. "Variolation" refers to the practice of immunizing patients against smallpox using Variola virus that had been rendered safe by

None of the above

What evidence is NOT cited as evidence that Abraham Lincoln was suffering from smallpox as he gave the Gettysburg Address?

Smallpox scars are visible on photographs of Lincoln

What is the basis for the modern smallpox vaccine?

Vaccinia virus

What is Emile Roux best known for?

Showed that diphtheria was caused by a toxin

What is Emil von Behring best known for?

Made an antitoxin against diphtheria

Before diphtheria toxin was injected into a horse, it was rendered harmless by treatment with

Formaldehyde

Salversan contains which toxic metal?

Arsenic

What is Paul Ehrlich best known for?

Developing Salversan as a cure for syphilis

In 1920, what drugs were available to treat syphilis victims?

Neosalversan

What is Alexander Fleming best known for?

Discovered penicillin

All of the following are true about Penicillin except:

it is produced by a bacterium

How many years after George Gey reported on the culturing of Hela cells was Jonas Salk's injected polio vaccine used in a massive immunization campaign?

4 yrs (1951 vs 1955)

Penicillin was first used to save the lives of many people during which war?

World War II

Which new drug became available before 1950 to treat syphilis?

Penicillin

What is George Gey best known for?

Isolated and propagated Hela cells

What is Jonas Salk best known for?

Created the first polio vaccine

Which of the following is not used as a criterion to define a prokaryotic species?

That members of different species cannot interbreed