Gen Psy 1000-100

Chapter 1

Psychology

Psychology

scientific study of mind and behavior

Empirical Method

based on observation, measurement and experimentation ( rather than logical argument or previous findings )

mind

thought, feelings, emotions, inner experiences

(hard to observe)

behavior

physical observable actions

Wundt

1st Psychologist

introspection: objective examination of personal experiences

structuralism: examination of mental processes

• subjective and poor agreement

William James

Functionalism: what purpose does behavior serve?

• holistic rather than labelling parts

psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud

• examining the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences

• focuses on emotional disturbances

gestalt psychology

viewed human inner experiences as a whole

• concerned w/

  • inner experiences

  • psychoanalysis

  • structuralism

behaviorism

• emphasizes observable behavior

• rejects the mind

• Ivan Pavlov ( emphasizes connections, classical conditioning

• John Watson: historical move from mind to behaviorism

• B.F. Skinner: emphasizes consequence (reinforcement and punishment)

Cognitive Revolution

restarted interest in mind and mental processes post behaviorism

• mind is = to computer

Humanism

Emphasizes specialness / innate goodness of humans

Carl Rogers

Basis for client centered approach

MARY WHITON CALKINS

denied PhD by Harvard

Studied Memory

APA president (American psychological association)

MARY CLOVER JONES

PhD 1926

exposure therapy

INEZ BEVERLY POSSER

1st black woman to obtain PhD

W.E.I.R.D

Western

Educated

Industrialized

Rich

Democratic

• the main research subjects of psychology are college age white men

  • this means they are typically wealthy and hold privilege in society where the rest of society may not fit into that box

    • this causes research to be bias based on the findings of their subjects

    • subjects of research do not represent population

APA

American Psychological Association

Contemporary Psychology

umbrella term for many fields of study

sensation and perception

how we take in and process sensory information

-biases, neural processing, top-down processing

industrial/organizational psychology

psychology of industry, corporations, and employment

sports and exercise psychology

study of behavior and mind in athletics, sports, and exercise

• practice, grit, mindset

forensic psychology

• study of intersection of law, behavior, and culpability

  • insanity defense, competency to stand trial, parental custody

Academic Psychology

teaching at uni, conducting psychological research

• typically requires PhD

PsyD

psychologist

masters

therapist, school psychologist, sports psychologist, business consultant

undergraduate

management, sales, social work, HR