Visualizing Cells: Differences (August 31st)
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9 Terms
Prokaryotes
One membrane to carry out all membrane functions
Limited size
No nucleus
nucleoid
Pili
Cell walls
Flagellum
capsules
Eukaryotes
Many membranes (Endomembranes)
Organelles
Larger
Functions of a membrane
Compartmentalization (separating areas for different functions)
Scaffold for biochemical activities
Provide selectively permeable membrane
Transport solutes
Respond to external signals
Intercellular interactions
Energy transduction
Phagocytosis
Consumption of large, extracellular material
Heterotrophic cell
Cell that can’t make energy on its own
Autotrophic cell
Cell that is able to make energy from light
Endosymbiosis/Endosymbiont Theory
Cells taking in other cells that wind up doing functions for the first cell. Theory of how Prokaryotic cells wound up in Eukaryotic cells. Ex. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Animal cells contain:
Nucleus
ER
Golgi
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Plant cells contain:
Nucleus
ER
Golgi
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Vacuoles
Central vacuoles
Chloroplasts