Ionic and Covalent bonding

electronegativity

the degree to which an atom attracts electrons in a chemical bond

If the electronegativity difference is great..

the bond will be ionic

If the electronegativity difference is small..

the bond will be covalent

covalent bonds are..

molecules that share electrons

covalent bonds are formed between..

two nonmetals

diatomic molecules

molecules that contain two atoms

polar covalent bonds

atoms share electrons unequally

nonpolar covalent bonds

atoms share electrons equally; equal attraction

dipole

atom with greatest electronegativity has the greatest attraction

the octet rule

all atoms want to have 8 valence electrons with the exception of hydrogen who has 2

what forms an ionic bond?

a metal and a non-metal

electrostatic forces

attraction between a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion)

the strongest ionic bonds are formed between

ions that are small and ions that are highly charged

ionic properties

high melting/boiling points, solid at room temp, hard but brittle, conductors in liquid form, soluble

covalent properties

low melting/boiling points, not soluble in water, do not conduct electricity, liquid/gas at room temp

1-10 covalent bonds

mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca