Maternal Care

Gestation

The period of development in the uterus from conception until birth.

AOG (Age of gestation)

measured from the first day of the mother's last menstrual cycle to the current date

Gravida

a woman's status regarding pregnancy: usu. followed by a numeral designating the number of times the woman has been pregnant

Last Menstrual Period

LMP

Psychological - 1st Trimester

acceptance of pregnancy

Psychological - 2nd Trimester

acceptance of a fetus as a separate individual

Psychological - 3rd Trimester

the woman prepares for the birth of the baby and her role as a mother

narcissism

Extroversion

Inability to make decisions

Emotional lability

Emotional Responses to pregnancy

narcissism

Emotional Responses to pregnancy - self-centeredness(focuses on self and and the changes occurring in her body)

Extroversion

Emotional Responses to pregnancy - increase participation in activities & appear more outgoing

Emotional lability

Emotional Responses to pregnancy - mood swing

1. Presumptive

2. PROBABLE

3. POSITIVE

PREGNANCY SIGNS and SYMPTOMS

a. Amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)

b. Nausea and vomiting

c. Frequent urination

d. Breast changes

e. Quickening (pregnant person starts to feel their baby's movement in their uterus)

f. Fatigue

Presumptive (Signs and Symptoms)

a. Changes in abdominal shape

b. Changes in reproductive organs

c. Elevation of basal body temperature

d. Positive pregnancy tests

e. Braxton Hicks contraction

PROBABLE (Signs and Symptoms)

Braxton Hicks contractions

may be caused by growing mass in the uterus

a. Auscultation of fetal heart sounds

b. Funic suffle

c. Fetal movements

d. X-ray visualization of fetal skeleton as early as 14 weeks

e. ultrasonographic evidence of pregnancy

POSITIVE (Signs and Symptoms)

fetal back

fetal heart sounds can already be heard best at the

ranges between 120-160 beats /min

Fetal heart rate

Funic suffle

a swishing sound synchronous with fetal heart beat caused by blood rushing through the umbilical arteries

a. uterus

b. cervix

c. vagina

d. ovaries

e. abdominal wall

f. skin

g. Breast

PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES

cervix

becomes more vascular and edematous during pregnancy

vagina

increased vascularity during pregnancy

ovulation and menstruation stops during pregnancy due to the lack of activity of the FSH and the presence of HCG

TAKE NOTE!

abdominal wall

stretching due to increase in uterine size, results I rupture and atrophy of the connective layer of the skin

sweat glands become extra active during pregnancy that's why there is changes in skin pigmentation

TAKE NOTE

Breast

due to increase in estrogen level in the body, the pregnant woman may experience fullness or tingling sensation

Respiratory

Circulatory

Gastrointestinal

Urinary

skeletal

endocrine

weight

SYSTEMIC CHANGES

shortness of breath

- increase in uterine size causes the diaphragm to be pushed or displaced, thereby overcrowding the chest cavity

Respiratory Changes during pregnancy

circulating blood volume increases by 30 to 50 % to provide an adequate amount of exchange of nutrients in the placenta. Thus the heart has to increase its output to be able to handle the additional volume

Circulatory Changes during pregnancy

heartburn, constipation and flatulence are principally caused by the increasing size of the uterus which displaces the stomach and intestine toward the back sides of the stomach

Gastrointestinal Changes during pregnancy

as the uterus enlarges, it exerts pressure on the urinary bladder thus a frequency in urination

Urinary Changes during pregnancy

the attempt of the pregnant mother to change her center of gravity in order for her to walk comfortably forces her to stand straighter and taller than usual

Skeletal Changes during pregnancy

production of large amounts of estrogen and progesterone lead to the suppression of FSH and LH during pregnancy. This is due to the presence of the placenta

Endocrine Changes during pregnancy

weight gain faster at mid pregnancy ; average weight gain during middle and late pregnancy is about a pound a week

Weight Changes during pregnancy

1. Mild nausea and vomiting

2. Constipation

3. Slight swelling of the feet

4. Varicose veins

5. Leg cramps

6. paleness, loss of weight or both

7. Fatigue or tiredness

Common complaints of pregnant mothers

eat crackers, biscuits or anything sweet. Avoid fatty foods, salty foods, excessive seasoning and spices, too much coffee and strongly flavored vegetables

what to do

- Mild nausea and vomiting

exercise; eat plenty of fruits and vegetables and take plenty of fluid

what to do

- Constipation

avoid salty food

what to do

- Slight swelling of the feet

lie down and have your toes pushed towards your body

what to do

- leg cramps

1. Vaginal spotting or bleeding

2. Moderate to severe abdominal pain

3. Swelling of the arms and legs

4. Convulsions

5. Rapid weight gain

6. Watery discharge without labor pains, and before the expected time of delivery

7. Blurring of vision, headaches, dizziness, paleness and weakness

8. Frequent and uncontrollable vomiting

Danger signs and symptoms during pregnancy

1. She is over 35 or below 18 years old

2. She has had 4 or more pregnancies

3. She has a history of miscarriages

4. She has a history of difficult labor

5. She has given birth by caesarian section

6. She has a major operation in the abdominal area

7. She is suffering from serious illness

8. She has severe anemia

When pregnancy is dangerous to mother and child

1. See a midwife, nurse or doctor for check-up

2. Have yourself immunized against tetanus at any time during your first pregnancy to protect yourself and the unborn child. Only one booster shot is needed for each succeeding pregnancy

3. Eat a nutritious balanced diet

4. In preparation for breastfeeding, massage your nipple regularly with oil

5. Do not take alcoholic drinks, do not smoke, do not take any medicine which is not prescribed by the doctor

6. Avoid contact with sick people

7. Visit your dentist regularly to check gum infection and tooth decay

Prenatal care

1. Eat plenty of nourishing food, drink plenty of soup, fluids and fruit juices. Get rest and sleep

2. In the first few days after giving birth, you can resume your bath. 3. If you develop a fever, chills or headaches, or if you have a foul smelling vaginal discharge, consult a doctor at once

4. If you feel pain in the abdomen and lower abdomen after giving birth, this could be due to the natural contraction of the uterus as it goes back to its normal size

5. Loss of blood during childbirth can cause paleness or weakness

6. If you delivered normally, it would be good for you to start moving around and do a little walking 24 hours after giving birth

Care of the mother after delivery (post natal)