Glycogenolysis & Glycogenesis

How does insulin affect glycogen metabolism?

Activates glycogen synthase

What enzyme is involved in the first step of both pathways?

Glycogenolysis —> glycogen phosphorylase

Glycogenesis —> Hexokinase / Glycokinase

What enzyme is involved in the second step of both pathways?

Glycogenolysis —> Debranching enzyme

Glycogenesis —> Phosphoglucomutase

What enzyme is involved in the third step of both pathways?

Glycogenolysis—> phosphoglumutase

Glycogenesis—> UDP glucose phosphorylase

What enzyme is involved in the fourth step of both pathways?

Glycogenolysis—> Glucose-6-phosphatase

Glycogenesis —> Glycogen synthase

What enzyme is present in the fifth step of glycogenesis?

The branching enzyme

What bonds does glycogen synthase form?

1,4 bonds

What is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycogen synthesis?

Glycogen synthase

What is the structures of triacglycerols?

Glycerol backbone + 3 fatty acids

What are the sources of triacyglycerols?

Diet, hepatic synthesis and adipose tissue

What is the structure of chylomicrons?

Surface: Phospholipids and free cholesterol

Core: Triglycerides and cholesteral esters

What is the composition of lipid droplets?

Core: triacylglycerols

Surface: phospholipid monolayer

Associated protein: perilipin

What type of fat has fully reduced hydrocarbon chains?

Saturated fat