Chapter 1: The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/182
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai | Chat |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
183 Terms
What is anatomy?
The study of how the body functions.
What is physiology?
The study of how the body functions.
How are anatomy and physiology related?
Form and function are interrelated; anatomical structures are designed to perform specific functions.
What is the scientific method?
A systematic and rigorous process used to examine natural events, develop hypotheses, test them through experiments and data collection, and determine whether to support, reject, or modify the hypothesis.
What is microscopic anatomy?
The study of structures that cannot be observed with the unaided eye.
What is cytology?
The study of body cells and their internal structures.
What is histology?
The study of tissues.
What is gross anatomy?
The study of structures visible to the unaided eye.
What is systemic anatomy?
The study of the anatomy of each body system.
What is regional anatomy?
The study of structures within a particular body region.
What is surface anatomy?
The study of superficial anatomical markings and internal structures in relation to the body’s surface.
What is comparative anatomy?
The study of anatomical similarities and differences among different species.
What is embryology?
The study of developmental changes from conception to birth.
What is pathological anatomy?
The study of macroscopic and microscopic anatomical changes caused by disease.
What is radiographic anatomy?
The study of internal structures using scanning procedures.
What does cardiovascular physiology study?
The function of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
What does neurophysiology study?
The function of nerves and nervous system organs
What does respiratory physiology study?
The function of the respiratory organs.
What does reproductive physiology study?
Reproductive hormones and the reproductive cycle.
What is pathophysiology
The study of how a body system functions during disease or injury
What are the major characteristics shared by all organisms?
Organization, metabolism, growth and development, responsiveness, regulation, homeostasis, and reproduction.
What is organization?
The complex structure and order exhibited by organisms.
What is metabolism?
The sum of all chemical reactions occurring within the body.
What is anabolism?
The process of joining small molecules to form larger molecules.
What is catabolism?
The process of breaking large molecules into smaller molecules.
What is growth and development?
Organisms take in materials from their environment and use them to grow and develop.
What is responsiveness?
The ability to sense and react to stimuli.
What is regulation?
The ability to adjust internal bodily functions to accommodate environmental changes.
What is homeostasis?
The ability to maintain body structure and function/internal conditions despite changes.
What is reproduction?
Producing new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair; sex cells can develop into new organisms.
What are the levels of organization form simplest to most complex?
Chemical → Cellular → tissue → organ → organ system → organismal
What is the chemical level?
Atoms, molecules, and macromolecules.
What are the four major biological macromolecules?
Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids.
What is the cellular level?
Cells, which are the basic units of life.
What is the tissue level?
Groupons of similar cells performing common functions.
What is the organ level?
Multiple tissues working together.
What is the organ system level?
Related organs working together.
What is the organismal level?
Organ systems functioning together to form an organism.
What are the 11 organ systems?
Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, urinary, digestive, and reproductive.
What does the integumentary system do?
Protects the body, prevents water loss/gain, synthesizes vitamin D, releases secretions, regulates temperature, and houses sensory receptors.
What does the skeletal system do?
Provides support and protection, produces blood cells, stores calcium and phosphorus, and provides attachment sites for ligaments and muscles.
What does the muscular system do?
Produces body movement and generates heat when muscles contract.
What does the nervous system do?
Responds to sensory stimuli, controls muscles and some glands, and is involved in consciousness, intelligence, and memory.
What does the endocrine system do?
Produces hormones that regulate development, growth, metabolism ,blood composition/volume, digestion, and reproduction.
What does the cardiovascular system do?
The heart pumps blood through blood vessels to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases and remove waste.
What does the lymphatic system do?
Transports and filters lymph and participates in immune responses.
What does the respiratory system do?
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air in the lungs.
What does the urinary system do?
Filters blood, removes waste, forms urine, and expels urine.
What does the digestive system do?
Mechanically and chemically digests food, absorbs nutrients, and removes waste.
What does the reproductive system do?
Gonads produce sex cells and sex hormones
What is the anatomical position?
Standing upright with feet parallel and flat, arms at the sides, palms facing forward, head level, and eyes facing forward.
What is a section?
An actual cut or slice that exposes internal anatomy.
What is a plane?
An imaginary flat surface passing through the body
What is the coronal/frontal plane?
A vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts.
What is the transverse plane?
A horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.
What is the midsagittal/median plane?
A vertical plane dividing the body into equal left and right halves.
What is a sagittal plane?
A vertical plane parallel to the midsagittal plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions.
What is an oblique plane?
A plane passing through a structure at an angle.
What does anterior mean?
Toward the front of the body
What does posterior mean?
Toward the back of the body
What does superior mean?
Toward the upper part of the body
What does inferior mean?
Toward the lower part of the body
What does medial mean?
Toward the center of the body.
What does lateral mean?
Toward the sides of the body.
What does proximal mean?
Closer to the point of attachment to the trunk.
What does distal mean?
Farther from the point of attachment to the trunk
What are opposing directional pairs?
Anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, medial/lateral, and proximal/distal.
What are the two major body regions?
Axial and appendicular
What is the axial region?
The head, neck, and trunk; it forms the body’s main vertical axis.
What is the appendicular region
The upper and lower limbs.
What is the frontal region?
The forehead
What is the orbital region?
The eye region.
What is the nasal region?
The nose.
What is the buccal region?
The cheek
What is the oral region?
The mouth
What is the mental region?
The chin
What is the cervical region?
The neck
What is the deltoid region?
The shoulder.
What is the brachial region?
The arm.
What is the antebrachial region?
The forearm
What is the carpal region?
The wrist
What is the planar region?
The palm of the hand
What is the digital region?
The fingers or toes.
What is the thoracic region?
The chest area.
What is the axillary region?
The armpit.
What is the abdominal region?
The abdomen.
What is the pelvic region?
The pelvis/hip area.
What is the inguinal region?
The groin
What is the femoral region?
The thigh
What is the patellar region?
The kneecap/front of the knee.
What is the popliteal region?
The back of the knee
What is the coronalrural region?
The leg
What is the sural region?
The calf
What is the calcaneal region?
The heel
What is the plantar surface?
The sole of the foot.
What is the cranial region?
The area surrounding the brain
What is the occipital region?
The back of the head,
What is the auricular region?
The ear
What is the vertebral region?
The spinal column
What is the lumbar region?
The lower back