Thẻ ghi nhớ: UNIT 6 POVERTY AND SOCIAL ISSUES | Quizlet

take its toll on

to have a serious, bad effect on someone or something: gây hại cho cái gì

ex: the loss of both her parent took its toll on her mentally and she became disturbed during her adolescent year.

obligated to

required to: bị bắt buộc, có nghĩa vụ

ex; Doctors are legally obliged to take certain precautions.

turn a blind eye to something

to ignore something

Management often turn a blind eye to bullying in the workplace.

ride roughshod over

do what you want without giving any attention to other people or their wishes: coi thường, chà đạp, không tôn trọng

ex; many of the homeless have been ridden roughshod over by the unscrupulous elements within our society, people prepared to exploit them for their own immoral ends.

to lead someone up/down the (garden) path

to deceive someone/ to cause someone to behave wrongly: lừa dối, dẫn dắt ai đó 1 cách sai lầm

ex: It seems as if we've been led up the garden path about the position of our hotel - it's miles from the beach!

weather the storm

successfully deal with a very difficult problem: vượt qua khó khăn

ex: often young people who run away from home and escape from an abusive environment mistakenly believe that they have weathered the worst of storm.

bottle sth up

they refuse to talk about things that make them angry or worried: kiềm nén

ex: emotional stability is only worsened when the affected individual attempts to bottle everything up inside eventually.

thrust/cast into a life of dire poverty

to be forced to live in dire poverty

prey upon/on

those who are miserable and defenseless: săn mồi, lừa dối ai đó

ex: He would attack at night, preying on lone women in their twenties or thirties.

turn one's nose up

to reject, ignore somebody: khinh thường, coi thường

ex: They turned their noses up at the only hotel that was available.

plunge (sb/sth) into sth

to suddenly experience a bad situation or unhappiness, or to make someone or something suddenly experience: đâm đầu vào 1 tình huống không mong muốn

ex: He was plunged into despair when his wife left him.

cry out for sth

to need a particular thing very much: kêu gào

ex: The country is crying out for a change in leadership.

live from hand to mouth

to have just enough money to live on and nothing extra: chỉ đủ sống

ex: My father earned very little and there were four kids, so we lived from hand to mouth.

hit rock bottom

to be at your worst point in a situation / life: chạm đáy

ex: when his wife and his children left him, he hit rock bottom and turned to drink; he has been addicted now.

tear sb apart

to make someone very unhappy: làm ai đau khổ

ex:Seeing the children suffer really tears me apart.

pilfer

to steal things of small value: trộm vặt

ex: He was caught pilfering (sweets) from the shop.

to be on the margins (of society)

Excluded/isolated/not significantly involved: ở ngoài rìa

ex: those on the margins of society have few if any friends and lack the means, faculties or desire to make a meaningful contribution to the community, they are utterly alone and despondent.

run amok

to be out of control and act in a wild or dangerous manner: hành xử 1 cách điên cuồng

ex: few of us however well-intentioned would be prepared to welcome someone in off the streets and into our home for fear they would run amok if we let our guard down.

down-and-out

having no luck, no money, and no opportunities: khốn cùng, nghèo túng

ex: she was down-and-out and her once glamorus life was in piếc, she held little hope of finding a way back to her glory days.

on the game

working as a prostitute: mại dâm

ex: she was forced to go on the game to earn enough money to support her abusive husband drug addiction.

be loitering with intent

waiting around with the intention of causing trouble: lảng vảng

ex: he was pulled in by the police for loitering with intents, but the reality is that he was simply and innocently pasing the time watching the passer-by go about their daily business.

domestic violence

the situation in which someone you live with attacks you and tries to hurt you: bạo lực gia đình

ex: he has a history of domestic violence and i would regard him as a loose cannon with the potential to explode again at any given point in time without warning.

chequered history

a varied past with both good and bad periods: lịch sử có nhiều sự kiện thăng trầm

ex: it is tragic that he has been thrown out onto the streets but his chequered history both a parent and a father moderate the level of sympathy i have for him somewhat.

kerb-crawling

the activity of driving slowly along a road close to the path at the side in order to ask prostitutes for sex: Sự rà xe sát lề để kiếm gái

ex: those who engage in kerb-crawling just realise that they are endangering the women they pick up and that their money simply lines the pockets of pimp involved in a seedy network of people trafficking.

illicit drugs

illegal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and LSD

ex; illicit drugs such as cocaine and cannabis

soup kitchen

a place where free or low cost food is served to the needy: bếp ăn từ thiện

ex; Everybody had to go cap in hand to the soup kitchen and to the people who provided voluntary services.

black market

a market in which goods are sold illegally: chợ đen

During the war, they bought food on the black market.

sleeping rough

sleeping in the street, with no permanent address: ngủ ngoài đường

ex: When we ran out of money, we slept rough for a week.

People trafficking

Illegal trade of humans for slavery, eg for sex and/or work: buôn người

ex; They were arrested for trafficking in the eggs of protected species of birds.

substance abuse

overindulgence in or dependence on an addictive substance, especially alcohol or drugs: lạm dụng chất gây nghiện

ex: substance abuse is rite amongst the homeless; you only have to look at the huge queues of people lining up outside the methadone clinic each day.

parental guidance

Supervision from parents: sự giám sát từ cha mẹ

ex: she is lacking the parental guidance and the absence of a role model and authority figure in her life has made her especially susceptible to suggestion.

emotional scars

if an unpleasant physical or emotional experience scars you, it has a permanent effect on your mind: vết sẹo cảm xúc

ex: she has severe emotional scars from her time under the guardianship of her foster parents.

innumeracy

unable to understand and use numbers in calculations; mù toán

ex: The country has high levels of illiteracy and innumeracy.

education initiatives

programs targeted on schoolgoers to foster their potential or ability: sáng kiến giáo dục

trappings

(n.) outward decorations, ornaments, accessories: trang sức, hình thứ bên ngoài

ex: He enjoyed the trappings of power, such as a chauffeur-driven car and bodyguards.

preoccupied

thinking or worrying about something too much: bận tâm, lo lắng

ex: Why is the media so preoccupied with the love lives of politicians?

unscrupulous

=dishonest

an unscrupulous financial adviser

Extremism

the holding of extreme political or religious views: chủ nghĩa cực đoan

ex: Here is an illustration of why it is important to measure party policy extremism relative to the dispersion of the voter distribution.

metropolis

a very large city, often the most important city in a large area or country: thành phố lớn

Soon afterwards he left to begin his career in the metropolis.

asylum seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee: người xin tị nạn

ex: A record number of asylum seekers arrived in the UK last month.

surrogate

substitute;replacing: thay thế

ex: Because she had no children of her own, her friend's son became a kind of surrogate child to her.

emancipation

the process of giving people social or political freedom and rights: sự giải phóng, thoát khỏi ràng buộc

ex; women's/female emancipation

assimilation

adaptation; becoming a part: hòa nhập

ex: The assimilation of ethnic Germans in the US was accelerated by the two world wars.

oppression

unfair and cruel government of people: đàn áp

Every human being has the right to freedom from oppression.

sanitation

disposal of sewage and solid waste associated with cleanliness: vệ sinh môi trường

Many illnesses in these temporary refugee camps are the result of inadequate sanitation.

sustenance

food and beverage: thức uống và đồ ăn

During this freezing weather, the food put out by householders is the only form of sustenance that the birds have.

malnutrition

physical weakness and bad health caused by having too little food: suy dinh dưỡng

ex: Many of the refugees are suffering from severe malnutrition.

deportation

An official order telling someone to leave a country; expulsion: trục xuất

ex: he refugees were deported back to their country of origin.

repercussions

unintended consequences: hậu quả

Any decrease in tourism could have serious repercussions for the local economy.

starvation

suffering from extreme hunger: đói khát

ex: They pay starvation wages (= not enough money to live on).

Political Corruption

the unlawful misdirection of governmental resources or actions that occurs when government officials abuse their entrusted powers for personal gain: tham nhũng chính trị

ex: The film is about a young police officer and his struggle to expose corruption in the force.

inequity

injustice and unfairness: không công bằng

ex: The current healthcare system is inequitable and unjust, with huge disparities between rich and poor.

destitution

=poverty; indigence; without money, food, a home, or possessions: nghèo đói

ex: The floods left thousands of people destitute.

inferiority complex

a feeling that you are not as good, as intelligent, as attractive, etc. as other people: phức cảm tự ti

ex: He's always had an inferiority complex about his height.

catch in a limbo

state of uncertainty: mắc kẹt trong tình trạng không chắc chắn

ex: Until we've got official permission to go ahead with the plans we're in limbo.

despotic

tyrannical/autocratic: chuyên quyền, độc tài

ex: The king was regarded as having been an enlightened despot.

reluctant

hesitant to

safeguard

to protect: bảo vệ

ex: The union safeguards the interests of all its members.

ostensibly

apparently; seemingly: có vẻ như, bề ngoài là

He has spent the past three months in Florida, ostensibly for medical treatment, but in actual fact to avoid prosecution.

subservient

compliant: phục tùng, vâng lời

ex: The government was accused of being subservient to the interests of the pro-Europe campaigners.

squalor

(of places) filth, dirt: bẩn thỉu, tồi tàn

ex: It was a dirty, damp, smelly flat - the usual student squalor.

underlying causes

essential/fundamental: cơ bản, nguyên nhân gốc rễ

And what might be the underlying significance causes of these supposedly random acts?

civil unrest

disturbance/discontent: bất ổn xã hội

It is feared that the civil unrest we are now witnessing in this country could lead to full-scale civil war.

disheartening

demoralising/depressing: làm nản lòng

ex: She was very disheartened by the results of the test.

infant mortality rate

dead

indigence

destitution/poverty:

There is a reason you see someone riding a second-rate bike, and it's not indigence.

humanitarian aid

assistance to people in distress: trợ cấp

The United Nations is sending humanitarian aid (= food and supplies to help people) to the areas worst affected by the conflict.

debt relief

The idea that the world's richest nations should forgive poor nations' obligation to pay back loans: xóa nợ

ex; There are plans to provide full debt relief for some African countries.

culture clash

a conflict over cultural expectations and experiences; xung đột văn hóa

ex; contrary to prediction that there would be a massive culture clash, the group of asylum speakeers have assimilated perfectly into the local community.

war crime

a violation of internationally accepted practices related to waging war: tội ác chiến tranh

ex: the us called it an war crim, but syria says it acted with restraint and in accordance with international law in self-defence.

racial tension

a state of strained relationships, an uneasiness due to differences of skin color (race): căng thẳng chủng tộc

ex; racial tension is thought to have been the catalyst for the latest conflict, which is less about land than identity.

regime change

thay đổi chế độ

ex: the us is demanding regime change and has pledged to support the people of the country should they rise up in arms against their leaders.

witch-doctor

shaman: pháp sư

ex; the girl died after her parents chose to take her to a witch doctor rather than a hospital where she could get the medical care she so badly needed.

Rebel fighters

a person who refuses allegiance to, resists, or rises in arms against the government or ruler of his or her country: chiến binh nổi dậy

ex: the rebel fighter are thought to have lost considerable ground in the exchange to day, and now look unlikely to threaten the capital.

Physical Infrastructure

Transportation, communication, energy, water, and sanitation systems provided by or regulated by government: Cơ sở hạ tầng vật lý

the country's physical infrastructure has been more or les completely destroyed as a result of this long-running conflict it will take years to rebuild.

cast out

to get rid of someone or something, especially forcefully: đuổi ra khỏi nhà

Cast out by his family, he was forced to fend for himself.

refugee camp

shelter for persons displaced by war or political oppression or for religious beliefs: trại tị nạn

ex; an refugee camp was set up across the border in turkey to give those fleeting the conflict area shelter.