1 - INTRO TO NURSING THEORY

In ancient civilizations, nursing was primarily based on:
a) Scientific research
b) Magical thinking, superstitions, and religious beliefs
c) Evidence-based practice
d) Technological advancements

b) Magical thinking, superstitions, and religious beliefs

The earliest documented forms of service and law governing the practice of medicine are found in the:
a) Code of Hammurabi
b) Nightingale Pledge
c) Parabolani Brotherhood Rules
d) St. Thomas Hospital Guidelines

a) Code of Hammurabi

The Greek god and chief healer was:
a) Hygea
b) Asklepios
c) Epigone
d) Camillus

b) Asklepios

In African ancient nursing practices, religion influenced the role of nurses mainly as:
a) Scientists and researchers
b) Herbalists, midwives, wet nurses, and caregivers
c) Hospital administrators
d) Physicians

b) Herbalists, midwives, wet nurses, and caregivers

The Parabolani Brotherhood was:
a) The first school of nursing
b) The first organization for men in nursing
c) A group of healers in Greece
d) Founded by Florence Nightingale

b) The first organization for men in nursing

Patron saint of the sick, hospitals, nurses, and physicians: __________

St. Camillus de Lellis

The religious order founded by Camillus de Lellis: __________

Order of the Ministers of the Sick (Camillians)

The goddess of health in Greek mythology: __________

Hygea

Envisioned nursing as a body of educated women: __________

Florence Nightingale

Year and place where the School of Nursing was established by Florence Nightingale: __________

1860, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London

Goddess Isis:
a) Soother in Greek mythology
b) Believed to manipulate dreams of the sick in Egypt
c) Goddess of health
d) Greek god and chief healer

b – Believed to manipulate dreams of the sick in Egypt

Epigone:
a) Soother in Greek mythology
b) Believed to manipulate dreams of the sick in Egypt
c) Goddess of health
d) Greek god and chief healer

a – Soother in Greek mythology

Hygea:
a) Soother in Greek mythology
b) Believed to manipulate dreams of the sick in Egypt
c) Goddess of health
d) Greek god and chief healer

c – Goddess of health

Parable of the Good Samaritan:
a) Soother in Greek mythology
b) Believed to manipulate dreams of the sick in Egypt
c) Basis of Christian nursing practice
d) Greek god and chief healer

c – Basis of Christian nursing practice

Asklepios:
a) Soother in Greek mythology
b) Believed to manipulate dreams of the sick in Egypt
c) Goddess of health
d) Greek god and chief healer

d – Greek god and chief healer

Nursing during ancient civilization was well-organized with established schools and high social status. (T/F)

FALSE

The Code of Hammurabi originated in Babylonia around 1900 BC. (T/F)

TRUE

Florence Nightingale declared that nursing is distinct from medical knowledge. (T/F)

TRUE

The Parabolani Brotherhood only cared for the sick during the plague in Rome. (T/F)

TRUE

In Africa, nurses were mostly hospital-based professionals in early times. (T/F)

FALSE

It is believed to be the role of women in the past

nursing

• in this time, there is no organized nursing care

Ancient Civilization

Nursing was w/o organization, education or social status in this era.

Ancient Civilization

what country do people believed in isis and horus

egypt

Can still be considered the genesis of the current concept of managed care

Code of Hammurabi in Babylonia

in this country, the care of the sick revolves around mythology

In Greece and Rome

Greek god and chief healer

Asklepios

soother

Epigone

goddess of health

Hygea

country where religion greatly influenced the practice of caring

africa

the basis of Christian nursing practice

Parable of Good Samaritan

they marked the development of specialized institution

Christian Orders

provided care during great plague in alexandria

parabolani brotherhood

voluntarily took care of sick & burial of dead during great plague in Alexandria

parabolani brotherhood

organization responsible for development of early managerial and administrative standards in providing care

knights of st. john of jerusalem
teutonic knights
knights of lazarus

organizations that is one of the first nursing orders

knights of st. john of jerusalem

alexian brotherhood

agustinian sisters

organization that provide care for poor, sick, dying and prisoners

camillus de lellis

organization established by st. vincent de paul in france

sisters of charity

where is the order of deaconesses founded?

kalserswerth, germany

They recognized the role of women in giving care services.

order of deaconesses

He was an Italian Catholic priest who founded the Camillians, a religious order dedicated to the care of the sick.

Camillus de Lellis

It marked the birth of modern nursing

Establishment of a School of Nursing at St. Thomas Hospital in London

Her pioneering activities in nursing practice and education became the guide

Florence Nightingale

year F.N recognized the unique focus of nursing

mid - 1800s

year nursing profession began to engage in serious discussions about devt. of nursing knowledge

1900s

Era that addressed the question "What should nurses study to learn to become a nurse?"

Curriculum Era 1900-1940s

Era in which the emphasis was on what courses nursing students should take to arrive at a standardized curriculum.

Curriculum Era 1900-1940s

Decade in which a standardized nursing curriculum had been published and adopted.

mid - 1930s

Era where more nurse leaders embraced higher education and research.

Research Era 1950s-1970s

Era where research was considered the path to new nursing knowledge.

Research Era 1950s-1970s

Decade in which research courses were included in nursing curricula.

Research Era 1950s-1970s

Decade in which evaluation of the first 25 years of the journal Nursing Research revealed studies lacked conceptual connections and theoretical frameworks.

1970s

Era that accentuated the necessity for the development of specialized nursing knowledge.

Research Era 1950s-1970s

Era that followed the Research Era.

Graduate Education Era 1950s-1970s

Era where the research process was introduced in nursing education.

Graduate Education Era 1950s-1970s

Era where master’s degree programs in nursing emerged.

Graduate Education Era 1950s-1970s

Era that included concept development and nursing models in its programs.

Graduate Education Era 1950s-1970s

Era where nursing theorists were introduced to student nurses.

Graduate Education Era 1950s-1970s

Era that was the natural outgrowth of the research and graduate education eras.

Theory Era 1980s-1990s

Era characterized by proliferation of doctoral programs.

Theory Era 1980s-1990s

Year when the Nurse Educator Conference in New York recognized nursing theorists and their work.

1978

Decade described as a period of major development and a transition from pre-paradigm to paradigm period.

1980s

Set of ideas that provide for how a discipline should function.

paradigm

Framework consisting of four core concepts fundamental to the discipline of nursing.

nursing metaparadigm

Model that explains linkages of science, philosophy, and theory that is accepted and applied by the discipline.

nursing paradigm

Four core concepts in the nursing metaparadigm.

Person, Environment, Health, and Nursing

Era where emphasis shifted to theory application in nursing practice, education, administration, and research.

Theory Utilization Era

Era that was extremely important for evidence-based practice (EBP), theory-based nursing, and future theory development.

Theory Utilization Era

Which era focused on determining what nurses should study to become a nurse?

a. Research Era

b. Curriculum Era

c. Theory Era

d. Graduate Education Era

b. Curriculum Era

In which decade was the standardized nursing curriculum published and adopted?

a. 1920s b. 1930s c. 1940s d. 1950s

b. 1930s

The Research Era took place in which time frame?

a. 1900–1940s

b. 1950s–1970s

c. 1980s–1990s

d. 21st century

b. 1950s–1970s

The Research Era viewed research as:

a. A secondary activity for nurses

b. A required hospital procedure

c. The path to new nursing knowledge

d. Part of administrative duties

c. The path to new nursing knowledge

Which of the following was a problem with nursing research in the 1970s?

a. Too much focus on theory

b. Lack of conceptual connections and theoretical frameworks

c. Overuse of statistical methods

d. Too few nursing journals

b. Lack of conceptual connections and theoretical frameworks

Which era followed the Research Era?

a. Theory Era

b. Graduate Education Era

c. Curriculum Era

d. Utilization Era

a. Theory Era

The Graduate Education Era introduced:

a. Nursing informatics

b. The research process, concept development, and nursing models c. International nursing collaborations

d. The NCLEX licensing exam

b. The research process, concept development, and nursing models

When did master’s degree programs in nursing emerge?

a. 1940s

b. 1950s–1970s

c. 1980s–1990s

d. 21st century

b. 1950s–1970s

Which era was the natural outgrowth of the Research and Graduate Education Eras?

a. Theory Era

b. Curriculum Era

c. Utilization Era

d. Concept Development Era

a. Theory Era

Which decade saw the proliferation of doctoral programs in nursing? a. 1930s

b. 1950s

c. 1980s

d. 2000s

c. 1980s

The Nurse Educator Conference in New York recognized nursing theorists and their work in:

a. 1968

b. 1978

c. 1988

d. 1998

b. 1978

Which era emphasized theory application in nursing practice, education, administration, and research?

a. Curriculum Era

b. Theory Era

c. Theory Utilization Era

d. Graduate Education Era

c. Theory Utilization Era

They subscribed to superstitious belief and practices in relation to health and sickness

Early Filipinos

6 Prominent personages involved during the Philippine Revolution

Josephine Bracken

Rose Sevilla de Alvaro

Hilaria de Aguinaldo

Melchora Aquino

Agueda Kahabagan

Trinidad Tecson

Who are the First Three Nursing Graduates?

1. Dorotea Caldito

2. Nicasia Cada

3. Felipa Dela Pena

NURSING DISCIPLINE

Specific to academia and refers to a branch of education, a department of learning or a domain of knowledge.

NURSING DISCIPLINE

Branch of education; theoretical works leading to higher level of education and practice

NURSING DISCIPLINE

Functional Focus (what nurses do) – knowledge focus or what nurses know and how they use them for thinking and decision making while taking care of a patient. (example: Nursing)

nursing discipline

Knowledge of persons, health and environment forms the basis for nursing as a discipline

He stated “the study of paradigms is what mainly prepares the student for membership in a particular scientific community with which he / she will practice. By studying and practicing with them, the clients or community involved learn their trade

kuhn

NURSING PROFESSION

Refers to a specialized field of practice founded on the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of the discipline and accompanying practice abilities.

nursing profession

Knowledge of that discipline and accompanying practice abilities.

nursing profession

Recognition and respect for their scholarly disciplined contribution to the health of society.

Which of the following is NOT listed as a criterion for the professional status of nursing?
a. Utilizes specialized knowledge
b. Attracts individuals solely for financial gain
c. Applies knowledge to community welfare
d. Strives to provide economic security

Answer: b. Attracts individuals solely for financial gain

Which part of nursing knowledge stimulates thinking and broadens understanding of nursing science and practice?
a. Practical knowledge
b. Empirical knowledge
c. Theoretical knowledge
d. Experiential knowledge

Answer: c. Theoretical knowledge

Which nursing role involves assisting clients in making decisions and solving problems?
a. Leader
b. Counselor
c. Advocate
d. Manager

Answer: b. Counselor

Which role involves working with others to bring about change in policies or care systems?
a. Change agent
b. Teacher
c. Communicator
d. Manager

• Answer: a. Change agent

Which of the following is a criterion for the professional status of nursing?
a. Requires no formal education
b. Constantly enlarges knowledge through research
c. Avoids autonomy in professional decisions
d. Focuses only on patient care without community involvement

Answer: b. Constantly enlarges knowledge through research

Write T if the statement is correct and F if it is incorrect.

1. Nursing’s professional criteria include providing freedom of action and opportunities for professional growth.

2. Practical knowledge in nursing is obtained from reading theories and research.

3. The role of a nurse practitioner involves advanced practice and specialized skills.

4. Nursing research is irrelevant to building nursing knowledge.

5. The communicator role of the nurse focuses on effective exchange of information

1. t

2. f

3. t

4. f

5. t