BIO 2 Class Practice Questions - Evolution

List the characteristics of living things

complex organized structure

respond to stimuli

maintain homeostasis

grow and reproduce

convert energy from environment

evolve

What is a population?

A group of organisms of the same species living the same geographical location

How do non-living organisms differ from living organisms?

Non-living things is the opposite of living organisms — lack cells, cannot reproduce, do not react to stimuli, and do not need food.

Define homeostasis without saying ‘stay the same’

Maintain internal conditions despite external conditions

Does evolution occur in individuals? Populations? Or both?

Never in individuals; only in populations.

How do you know if a population has evolved?

When its allele frequencies change from one generation to the next.

How do living things get energy?

They convert energy from environment.

Ex. make their own food from sunlight, chemicals, or by eating other living things.

Give an example of a living thing responding to stimuli.

Lizard changing colors due to increasing temperature

Why are structures of living organisms complex? What does the structure relate to?

Living organisms’ structures are complex because evolution builds them in a hierarchy; a multilayer design to allow different parts to specialize, divide labor, and work together to keep the organism alive. There are levels of organization, division of labor, adaptation, and survival.

Structure relates to function.

Define biology.

the study of living things

Define evolution.

the change in a population’s gene or allele frequency over time

Is a virus alive? Why or why not?

No, it needs a host cell to make copies. It cannot make their own energy, they lack cells, and cannot reproduce on their own.

T/F a living thing possesses all six characteristics discussed in class.

True

Why are mitosis and meiosis important for living things?

Growth and reproduction is continuous because of DNA. You grow with mitosis and reproduce with meiosis.

T/F evolution occurs in five different mechanisms.

True

T/F individuals do not evolve

True

What is evidence that supports the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Which geologist(s) most influenced Darwin?

Lyell

Who is the father of taxonomy?

Carolus Linnaeus

Define taxonomy

The branch of biology that organizes species

What are homologies? Give an example.

Similarities among different organism due to a common ancestor. Characteristics present change over time as environment changes.

Ex. mammalian forelimbs in humans, cats, birds

Which geologist thought all changes were from catastrophic events?

Cuvier

What was Aristotle’s theory and which scientist disagreed with it?

scala naturae, everything is fixed and unchanging. Galileo disagreed.

What two things did Hutton and Lyell believe?

1) Earth is VERY old
2) Slow change = substantial change over time

T/F living things are built from the same monomers

True

Why have certain bacterial populations become resistant to antibiotics?

They become resistant to antibiotics through natural selection. Drug-resistant bacteria are allowed to grown and take over. Some bacteria give their drug-resistance to other bacteria, causing more problems.

T/F biogeography is the study of geographical distribution of species

True