Vascular, Lymphatic and Respiratory Systems

These flashcards encompass key vocabulary terms and concepts related to the vascular, lymphatic, and respiratory systems, aiding in exam preparation.

Tunica media

The blood vessel component most critical in regulating systemic blood pressure.

Vasodilation

An increasing lumen diameter due to the relaxation of smooth muscle.

Elastic arteries

Blood vessels that contain the largest amount of fibrous tissues.

Capillaries

Vessel type responsible for the exchange of gases and nutrients with tissues.

Veins

Vessel types that conduct blood toward the heart, regardless of oxygen content.

Systemic veins and venules

The cardiovascular component that contains the majority of the body’s blood volume at any one time.

Brain

Location of some of the least permeable capillaries.

Intestine

Location of some of the most permeable capillaries.

Venous return to the heart

Major factor controlling stroke volume during resting periods.

Vasodilation in vessels supplying skeletal muscle

Expected response of peripheral resistance in arterioles when pH levels drop.

Stretch in arterial walls

What baroreceptors detect changes in.

Arteriosclerosis

Disease in which the walls of the arteries become thicker and stiffer.

Vasodilation

Response in arterioles supplying skeletal muscle due to a decrease in O2 levels.

Collect excess fluid from interstitial spaces

Function of lymphatic vessels.

Lymphatic vessels, subclavian vein

Logical sequence of structures contributing to the return of fluid into the blood through the lymphatic system.

B and C

Contributors to the flow of lymph through lymphatic vessels.

All of the above

Bacteria, virus, and mismatched red blood cells are perceived as antigens by the body.

Lymph nodes

Buboes are inflamed and swollen lymphatic structures.

Spleen

The largest lymphoid organ.

T lymphocyte maturation

The importance of the thymus in the immune system.

Conducting; respiratory

Zones that include the trachea and the alveoli respectively.

Humidifying the air

Function most impacted while breathing dry air through the nose.

Epiglottis

Structural barrier breached if food or liquids initiate a cough reflex.

Intrapulmonary pressure

The pressure in the alveoli.

The lungs would collapse

Predicted response if transpulmonary pressure were to suddenly decrease.

Atmospheric pressure

The force that causes air to move into the lungs during inspiration.

Functional residual capacity; keep alveoli patent

Air remaining in the lungs after forceful exhalation.

CO2 and O2

Gases that contribute to 99% of the total atmospheric pressure.

Is more soluble in water than O2

Reason why the rate of CO2 exchange is roughly equivalent to that of O2.

Four

Number of O2 molecules hemoglobin molecules are fully saturated with.

Carbonic anhydrase

Enzyme in red blood cells that catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid.

CO₂

The most potent chemical influencing respiration.