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Osteology
The study of bone.
Ossification
The formation of bone.
Osteogenic cells
Stem cells that give rise to most other bone cell types.
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells that produce new bone called 'osteoid'.
Osteocytes
Mature osteoblasts that are trapped in the matrix they deposited.
Osteoclasts
Cells that dissolve bone, a process known as osteolysis.
Mineralization
The hardening process of bone due to calcium phosphate and other minerals.
Compact bone
Dense outer shell of bone.
Spongy bone
Loosely organized bone tissue that provides strength with minimal weight.
Epiphysial plate
Hyaline cartilage that allows for growth in length in children's bones.
Periosteum
The external sheath covering most of the bone, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner layer of bone-forming cells.
Lacunae
Tiny cavities where osteocytes reside.
Canaliculi
Little channels that connect lacunae.
Hydroxyapatite
Crystallized calcium phosphate salt that makes up 85% of the inorganic matter in bone.
Rickets
A disease caused by mineral deficiency resulting in soft, deformed bones.
Intramembranous ossification
A method of bone development that forms flat bones of the skull.
Endochondral ossification
A method of bone development for long bones.
Trabeculae
Thin plates or beams of bone found in spongy bone.
Osteoid
The unmineralized, organic portion of the bone matrix.
Marrow cavity
Cavity within a bone that contains bone marrow.
Wolff’s law of bone
The architecture of bone is determined by the mechanical stresses placed on it.
