Veterinary Anatomy

Renal Cortex; Renal Medulla; Calyx; Renal Pelvis; Renal Hilus; Ureter; Bladder; Urethra

Flow of Urine

Testicles; Epididymus; Spermatic Cord; Inguinal Canal; Vas Deferens; Urethra

Flow of Sperm

Olecranon

Elbow bone

Osteoblast

Bone-forming cell

Osteoclast

Bone-destroying cells

Kidney

Renal Hilus

Indentation of kidneys where the blood vessels, lymphatic tissues, nerves and ureter pass through.

Renal Capsule

The connective tissue covering the external surface of the kidney.

Renal Cortex

Outer region of the kidney.

Renal Medulla

Inner region of the kidney.

Renal Artery and Vein

Blood supply to and from the kidneys.

Ureters

The tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Urinary Bladder

Saclike organ in which urine is stored before being excreted.

Urethra

Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Adrenal Glands

A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress.

OS penis

Bone within the urethra of male dogs.

Prostate Gland

Accessory sex gland that secretes the largest share of the fluid in semen

Bulbourethral glands

A pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra. Also called Cowper glands

Seminal Vesicles

Two small glands that secrete a fluid rich in sugar that nourishes and helps sperm move

Scrotum

External sac that contains the testes

Testicles

The two small, egg-shaped glands that produce the sperm

Epididymis

A long, coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm mature.

Tunica vaginalis

The delicate layer of serous membrane that covers the testis.

Spermatic Chord

Made up of blood vessels and nerves that reach the testis through the inguinal canal

Inguinal Canal

The channel through which the testis descends into the scrotum in the male

Vas Deferens

Long, narrow tube carrying sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

Vulva

external female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice

Vagina

A muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body

Cervix

The opening to the uterus

Uterine Body

This is the single, wider tube formed by the union of the two uterine horns. The cervix is at its posterior end.

Uterine Horns

point where uterus & uterine tubes meet; connect body of uterus & ovaries; in the pig, fetus develops here

Broad Ligament

The ligament extending from the lateral margins of the uterus to the pelvic wall; keeps the uterus centrally placed and provides stability within the pelvic cavity.

Ovary

A flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop.

Suspensory Ligament

anchors ovary laterally to pelvic wall

Ovarian Vessels

Blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to and drain deoxygenated blood away from the ovaries

Oviducts

fallopian tubes

Pericardium

Membrane surrounding the heart

Myocardium

Muscular, middle layer of the heart

Endocardium

Membrane lining the cavities of the heart

Superior & inferior vena cava;

Right atrium;

Tricuspid valve;

Right ventricle;

Pulmonary semilunar valve;

Pulmonary artery;

Lungs;

Pulmonary veins;

Left atrium;

Bicuspid valve;

Left ventricle;

Aortic semilunar valve;

Aorta;

Route of Blood Flow Through Heart

Right Atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Right Ventricle

pumps blood to the lungs

Right Auricle

Left Atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

Left Ventricle

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Right AV valve

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle; the tricuspid valve

Left AV valve

the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the mitral valve or bicuspid valve

Sternomastoid

Sternohyoid

intercostal

Diaphragm

Latissimus Dorsi

Iliocostalis

External Abdominal Oblique

Internal Abdominal Oblique

Transverse Abdominal Oblique

Rectus Abdominis

Linea Alba

Sartorius

Gracillis

Tensor Fascia Latae

Superficial Gluteal Muscle

Middle Gluteal Muscle

Deep Gluteal Muscle

Rectus Femoris; Vastus Lateralis; Vastus Medialis; Vastus Intermedius

The 4 quad muscles

Hamstring Muscle Group

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Biceps Femoris Muscle

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Medialis

Vastus Intermedius

Pulmonary artery

Carries deoxygentated blood from the heart to the lungs

Pulmonary veins

carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart

aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

Pharynx

the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus.

chordae tendinae

Fibers (heart strings) attatched to the tricuspid and mitral valve which pull it closed when papillary muscles contract, preventing back flow of blood

Larynx

voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords

trachea

a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe.

bronchi

two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs.

bronchioles

Airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli.

Alveolar ducts

Small passages connecting the respiratory bronchioles and the alveolar sacs.

Alveoli

tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

Tracheal bifurcation

the division of the trachea into the right and left main bronchi

duodenum

first part of the small intestine

jejunum

second part of the small intestine

ileum

third part of the small intestine

ileocolic junction

valve between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine; prevents material from flowing back from the large to the small intestine

mesentary

supportive membrane surrounding internal organs and attaching to the body wall

cecum

the cavity in which the large intestine begins and into which the ileum opens

liver

produces bile

Sublingual veins

drains the floor of the mouth

external jugular veins

The second set of vessels to emerge from the cranial vena cava, medially. These veins carry blood from the head to the brachiocephalic veins.

cephalic veins

The third vessels to emerge from the cranial vena cava, medially. These veins carry blood from the forelimb to the brachiocephalic veins.

Cardiac sphincter

A circular muscle located between the esophagus and the stomach

Pyloric sphincter

ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum

Greater Curvature

convex lateral surface of the stomach

Lesser Curvature

concave medial surface of the stomach

Vagus Nerve

the tenth cranial nerve that innervates digestive organs, heart and other areas