Wrong Packet Science

Biological diversity describes the diversity of _____,_________,____________, and __________________ on Earth.

Genes, species, habitats, and ecosystems

UN projects the world population will level off between 8-12 billion by the year ___________________

2150

What provides more than half of the calories eaten by humans?

Food grains like wheat corn and rice

Where are the ice cores taken from?

Greenland and Antarctica

Pb in air and water comes from ______________________, ____________________________ and _______________________

lead refinement

coal and oil combustion

leaded gasoline in the 1900s

Elephants are found in the ______________ and _______________ regions of Africa

Central and Southern

What is the basal area of trees?

The number and size of trees

What are 4 cornerstones of the restorative plan for the Everglades?

Increased water input

Reduced waste input

Clean existing water

Adaptive

What is the definition of Evolution?

How living organisms' genes change over time.

mutations are more likely when exposed to ______________________ or ___________________

radiation or tobacco smoke

An example of a physiological adaptation is _________________________________

sweating

What are the 5 aquatic conditions?

1. Solar Radiation

2. Temperature

3. pH

4. DO

5. Salinity

Population ecologists study interactions with __________________, __________________________, and ________________________________________________________________.

Abiotic factors

Intraspecies interactions

Interspecies interactions

The cougars are in ___________/____________/________________

New Mexico/ Southwest/ California

What is another name for flying foxes?

fruit bats

What is an ecological community?

It is an assemblage of populations in a habitat

Full-time residents of Organ Cave are: ________ and ____________ which feed on _____________, _______________________ and ________________________________

shrimp relatives (<1cm) and crayfish which feed on dead tissue and isopods and arthropods.

Tertiary Consumer --> _______________________________ --> decomposers

Apex consumer

What are 4 ways ecosystem boundaries are defined?

1. Boundary between land and water

2. Range of populations

3. Ecological Processes

4. Administrative needs

A disturbance is more ___________________ than a perturbation.

short-term

Why are places like Anchorage, Alaska and Iceland not as cold as their latitude would suggest?

Heat from water flowing from the equator

Deserts receive less than __________ of precipitation each year?

less than 25 cm

What are the 7 micronutrients?

1. Cu

2. Fe

3. Mn

4. Molybdenum

5. Boron

6. Chlorine

7. Zn

MRT of water in the oceans

2650 years

The greatest amount of carbon in Earth is in _____________ and ___________________

carbonate and sedimentary rocks

In 1963, the population of _______________ was growing at _______________ per year and in 2023, the population of 8 billion was growing at _______________ per year

3.6 billion, 2.1%, 8 billion, 0.83-0.9%

_____________________ and ____________________ do not leach easily, but _____________________ does

Calcium and Magnesium do not leach easily, but potassium does.

Parent material made of _________________ is nutrient poor

quartz sand

Bacteria liberate _________________________ and _________________________________ from organic matter

nitrogen and sulfur

Sextus Julius Frontius was a ___________________ commissioner

water

Some aqueducts extend for more than _________________ km, and by 19 BC, there were more ____________________km of aqueducts.

60 km and 400 km

In which countries are 55% of water in aqueducts lost to damaged pipes?

Jordan and Israel

In 2023, the 334 million people in the US used a total of _______________________________ of water

408 billion gallons of water

In slash and burn agriculture, what are the ashes rich in?

It is rich in calcium, magnesium and potassium.

_____________________________ of the world's food feeds livestock

1/2

How much tons of pesticide did Brazil use in 2020?

375,000 tons of pesticides

Sustainable agriculture attempts to use ___________________________ management?

Integrated pest management

Erosion is also reduced through the use of _________________________ and _________________________________

contour plowing and perennial crops

List the 8 different ways of fishing

1. Pole and Line

2. Gill nets

3. Bottom Trawling

4. Pelagic Trawling

5. Dredging

6. Pots and Traps

7. Longline

8. Purs Seine

The US passed the ________________________________ Act in 1996

Sustainable Fisheries Act

Efforts to manage Georges Bank from 1982 to 1994 include quotas and mesh size but failed because they failed to consider disruptions in _______________________

food webs

"________________________" protect areas of declined fish for recovery.

Closed area

"___________________________________________________________" protect areas of declined fish as well as ecosystems for the declined fish for recovery.

Marine Protected Areas

Between 1985--1990, over ________________________ acres of forestland were destroyed

200 million or 85 million hectares

In a tropical rainforest, commercial species usually make up only _________________________ percent of the trees?

10-20 percent

Who was the scientist in Borneo?

John Willott

There has been an increase in forestlands in US and Canada, but these forests are not old-growth forests but mostly _____________________________?

Plantations

What is the difference in management for private and public forests?

Private forests either have no interest for commercial forestry or they don't care for ecology while public forests is trying to integrate economics with ecological values

What are the two characteristics of lichens that make them useful as pollution monitors?

They respond to various pollutants and they rapidly accumulate in their tissues

How does temperature change in the different layres of the atmosphere?

Cooler as higher except for stratosphere, thermosphere

Climate change increased the likelihood of extreme weather in Canada by a factor of __________________

2

In an atmospheric inversion, a _____________ layer is under a _________________ layer

A cooler layer is under a warmer layer

How much quad Btu did China use in 2021?

165 quadrillion Btu

When deciding between two energy sources, it is essential to consider ______________________ efficiency and _______________________________________ efficiency

Thermal efficiency and Overall System efficiency

Caol was formed when plants in ________________________ died and were covered with sediments

Swamps/marshes

What is acid mine drainage?

Emissions of pollutants pollute streams from mining.

Oil will release about ______% as much carbon and Natural gas will release about _______% as much carbo as coal.

85% and 60%

Since 2011, how much water has been used for fracking?

1.5 trillion

Uranium mining operations exist in ________________ and ___________________

Western US and Canada

The Deparment of Energy examined ________________ Mountain in Nevada and faced resistance from the ____________________ people

Western Shoshone

The solar potential is ___________________ watts or ______________ to ______________ watts

200 watts, or 5-300 watts

An estimated ______________ to ____________________ birds die from windmills

10,000 to 40,000

What contributes to 5% of the energy produced from biomass?

Agricultural waste or Methane

Tidal generation plants are in where?

Maine and Washington State; Brittany, France; Nova Scotia, Canada

EPA has the authority to regulate radon in ___________ and not ______________

drinking water and not air

What risks does EPA assess?

Cancer, Non-cancer health, damage to public welfare, ecological risks

AOGCMs stand for

Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Models

Where are a number of islands threatened by flooding from rising sea levels?

South Pacific

Where have there been short-term inundation of areas?

1. Marshall Islands

2. Cook Island

3. Tuvalu

4. lower levels of Papua New Guinea.

The management of the Florida Everglades requires restrictions on _________________________________ and ___________________________________ and can possibly affect ________________________________________________________________

restrictions on private property and economic development and can possibly affect short-term economic development

Where do we get uranium from?

Shale and sandstone