AP US 1- Ch 15- Era of Reform

Ralph Waldo Emerson

* most widely known man of letters in America,
* reliance on intuition as the only way to comprehend reality

Transcendentalism

* People, men and women equally, have knowledge about themselves and the world around them that "transcends" or goes beyond what they can see, hear, taste, touch or feel.

Second Great Awakening

* Protestant religious revival in the United States from about 1795 to 1835

Unitarians

* creativity, freedom, and compassion with respect for diversity and interconnections

Methodists

* people should have a very personal relationship with God that transforms their lives.

Baptists

* Southern Baptists believe that the sacraments are contrary to the teaching of the Bible and that grace is received directly from God

The Mormons

* believe that Christ's church was restored through Joseph Smith and is guided by living prophets and apostles.
* believe in the Bible and other books of scripture, 

Horace Mann

* a major force behind establishing unified school systems
* “father of American education,” 

Susan B. Anthony

* Champion of temperance, abolition, the rights of labor, and equal pay for equal work
* helped fugitive slaves escape and held an anti-slavery rally

Dorothea Dix

* the asylum movement
* She took a job teaching inmates in an East Cambridge prison, where conditions were so abysmal and the treatment of prisoners so inhumane that she began agitating at once for their improvement.

American Temperance Society

* drinking was responsible for many of society's ills

Elizabeth Cady Staanton

* Author, lecturer, and chief philosopher of the woman's rights and suffrage movements,

Cult of Domesticity

* system of cultural beliefs or ideals in the 19th century that governed gender roles in upper- and middle-class society

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

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* speak in public against slavery,
* defying gender norms and risking violence in doing so. Beyond ending slavery,
* their mission—highly radical for the times—was to promote racial and gender equality.

Seneca Falls

* was the first women's rights convention in the United States.
*  the meeting launched the women's suffrage movement

Declaration of Sentiments

*  dramatize the denied citizenship claims of elite women during a period when the early republic's founding documents privileged white propertied males.

Henry David Thoreau

* an important contributor to the American literary and philosophical movement known as New England transcendentalism

Walden

* a philosophical treatise on labour, leisure, self-reliance, and individualism but also as an influential piece of nature writing.

On the Duty of Civil Disobedience

* written to exercise a great influence on subsequent generations of thinkers.

Walt Whitman

* mirror the primary values of America's founding

Frederick Douglass

* former slave
* activist for abolition

Uncle Tom´s Cabin

* written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
* most sold book in America
* divided north and south

Turner Rebellion

* destroyed the white Southern myth that slaves were actually happy with their lives or too docile to undertake a violent rebellion
*  led to the passage of a series of new laws

Abolition

* freeing slaves

American Colonization Society

* ormed in 1817 to send free African-Americans to Africa as an alternative to emancipation in the United States.

William Loyd Garrison

* published The Liberator every week for thirty-five years.
* was targeted because of his work

The Liberator

* the most widely circulated anti-slavery newspaper during the antebellum period and throughout the Civil War

American Antislavery society

\n - The society's goal was to immediately and unconditionally abolish slavery

the peculiar insitution

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* The book describes and analyzes multiple facets of slavery in the American South from the 17th through the mid-19th century, including demographics,
* lives of slaves and slaveholders, the Southern economy and labor systems, the Northern and abolitionist response, slave trading, and political issues of the time.

Wendell Philips

* served with prominent abolitionists
* actively advocated for disunion from the slave-holding South

David Walker

* wrote and published a pamphlet entitled, “Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World.”

Sojourner Truth

* former slave
*  abolitionist and women's rights speeches in American history,

The 1836 gag rule

* automatically "tabled," or postponed action on all petitions relating to slavery without hearing them

King Cotton

* phrase frequently used by Southern politicians and authors prior to the American Civil War, indicating the economic and political importance of cotton production

Denamrk Vessey

* slave
* inspired by the Haitian revolution
* planned a rebellion

Free Soilders

* Many recognized the right of soldiers to participate in public assemblies, to join clubs freely and to exercise free speech.
* They **abolished corporal punishment**.

Reverend Elijah Lovejoy

*  believed that the exposure of slavery's evils would lead to its abolition

Abraham Lincoln

* 16th president
* election led to civil war
* Republican