Hematology Test 1 Review

What are erythrocytes?

red blood cells (RBC)

What are leukocytes?

white blood cells (WBC)

What are thrombocytes?

platelets (PLT)

What is the size of RBC?

6-8 microns

What is the function of RBCs?

to carry/deliver oxygen throughout the body

What is the function of WBCs?

to fight infection

to protect host from infection

What is the function of PLT?

to help us form clots to stop bleeding

What is the reference range for WBCs?

4,500-11,000/ uL

What is the reference range for RBCs?

4,000,000-5,500,000/uL

What is the reference range for PLT?

150,000-400,000

What are the three basic parts of a cell?

organelles

cell membrane

nucleus

What is a cell?

Complex structure made up of a membrane-bound aqueous solution of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acid

Structural units that make up all living cells

What is the cell membrane?

Serves as a semi-permeable physical barrier that separates internal cellular components from their surrounding environment

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

• Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

• Allows cell to interact with its environment as with other cells via surface receptors/antigens

What are the components of the cell membrane?

• Phospholipid bilayer

• Hydrophilic heads on outside

• Hydrophobic tails on inside

How do lipids contribute to cell membrane composition?

Provides membrane’s basic structure and comprise most of the membrane

How do proteins contribute to cell membrane composition?

Responsible for membrane’s specific functions

How do carbohydrates contribute to cell membrane composition?

extend from outer membrane surface

What are integral proteins?

embedded proteins that are helpful with communication and transport

What are peripheral proteins?

structurally important proteins that are helpful in the formation of the cytoskeleton

What are membrane carbohydrates?

Mostly glycoproteins and glycolipids that give the cell its negative charge

• Have specific binding sites to cells or surfaces

  • Cell recognition

  • Cell adhesion —> cells sticking to other things (vessel wall)

What is the nucleus?

Control center of the cell

What are the components of the nucleus?

Chromatin

Nucleolus

Nuclear envelope

What is chromatin?

Tightly compact DNA that is tightly folded with histone proteins

Describe how heterochromatin stains with Wright’s stain.

Stains dark blue/purple

Describe how euchromatin stains with Wright’s stain.

Stains lighter blue/purple

What is the nucleolus?

Site of ribosomal RNA production and assembly into ribosomal subunits

What is the nuclear envelope?

Allows communication between nucleus and cytoplasm via nuclear pores

What is the composition of the nuclear envelope?

Inner Membrane — surround nucleus

Outer Membrane — continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum

What is the cytoplasm?

The location of the cell’s metabolic activity

What are ribosomes?

Site of protein synthesis

How do ribosomes stain in Wright’s stain?

Stains darker blue (basophilic)

What are ribosomes comprised of?

RNA and protein

What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

A vast system of channels which are continuous with one another and with the nuclear envelope

Describe Smooth ER functions

Storage and release of Calcium

Detoxifies substances that might be harmful

Describe Rough ER.

Studded by ribosomes

Make amino acids

Synthesize and process proteins secreted out of the cell

What is the mitochondria?

Broad oval organelles defined by inner and outer parallel membranes

Site of cellular energy production

What is the Golgi apparatus?

What is the reference range for Mean Cell Volume (MCV)?

80-100 fL

What is the reference range for MCH?

28-34 pg

What is the reference range for MCHC?

32-36 g/dL

What is the reference range for neutrophils (relative count)?

40-80%

What is the reference range for neutrophils (absolute count)?

2,000-8,000

What is the reference range for lymphocytes (relative count)?

25-45%

What is the reference range for lymphocytes (absolute count)?

1,800-4,800

What is the reference range for monocytes (relative count)?

2-10%

What is the reference range for monocytes (absolute count)?

100-1,100

What is the reference range for eosinophils (relative count)?

0-5%

What is the reference range for eosinophils (absolute count)?

0-800

What is the reference range for basophils (relative count)?

0-2%

What is the reference range for basophils (absolute count)?

0-300

What is the reference range for RBC Distribution Width (RDW)?

12-15%

What is the reference range for hematocrit?

36-52%