Finnish Law, Human Rights, and Migration Key Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering family law, constitutional rights, equality, migration, and international human rights based on the provided lecture notes.

Avio-oikeus

The legal right of spouses to each other's property upon dissolution of marriage (divorce or death), resulting in an equal division of property.

Ositus

The legal property division process conducted upon divorce or death, where spouses' assets and debts are inventoried and equalized under avio-oikeus.

Tasinko

An equalizing sum paid by the wealthier spouse to the less wealthy spouse during ositus so that both end up with equal property shares.

Avioehto

A written marital agreement registered at maistraatti that alters the standard equal property division rule or excludes specific property from ositus.

Keskinäinen elatusvelvollisuus

The mutual maintenance obligation in a marriage requiring a working spouse to help support an unemployed or studying spouse.

Harkinta-aika

A mandatory six-month reconsideration period following a divorce application before a divorce can be officially granted.

Kiihottaminen kansanryhmää vastaan

A criminal offense involving hate speech that incites discrimination or violence against a specific group of people.

Vihapuhe

Messages, publications, and speech that incite intolerance, prejudice, and hatred against a specific group, violating human dignity.

Ennakkosensuuri

Prior censorship; a practice absent in Finland, meaning individuals express themselves freely but are legally accountable for public statements after the fact.

Positiivinen syrjintä

Positive discrimination or affirmative action; favoring a disadvantaged or minority group in decisions to promote genuine equality.

Oikeusvaltio

A constitutional state under the rule of law where authorities follow legislation, refrain from bribery, and afford citizens the right to appeal official decisions.

Perusoikeudet

Fundamental basic rights recorded in the Finnish Constitution (Perustuslaki) to protect citizens against the arbitrary use of state power.

Perustuslaki

The Constitution; the supreme law of Finland that outlines basic rights and structure of governance, which is significantly harder to amend than ordinary laws.

Maahanmuuttaja

An immigrant; a permanent resident in Finland who holds citizenship of another country, accounting for approximately 4% or 250,000 residents.

Globalisaatio

Globalization; the process of increasing global interconnectedness that makes information sharing, international travel, and migration easier.

Pakolainen

A refugee; an individual forced to flee their home region due to war or persecution based on religion, sexual orientation, nationality, or political opinion.

Kiintiöpakolainen

Quota refugee; an individual who has been granted official UN refugee status and is accepted annually by Finland (around 1,000 people per year).

Dublinin sopimus

Dublin Regulation; an EU agreement stipulating that an individual must apply for asylum in the first EU member state they enter.

Paperittomat

Undocumented migrants; foreign nationals residing in Finland without legal residence permits or documentation.

YK:n ihmisoikeuksien julistus

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the UN in 1948, establishing that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

Ihmiskauppa

Human trafficking; a grave human rights violation where individuals are deceived or forced into forced labor, sexual exploitation, or modern slavery.

Amnesty International

A non-governmental organization that exposes human rights violations worldwide and advocates for gender minority rights in Finland.