AP World History Unit 1 Vocab

PALEOLITHIC ERA

the time in which humans used stone tools, about 2.5 million years ago - 10,000 BCE

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

the time when humans started the process of cultivation of plants and ownership of animals

PASTORAL SOCIETIES

community that relies and raises livestock

PATRIARCHY

system of society in which men hold all higher power

HINDUISM

oldest, largest, and most prominent religion, mostly in India

UPANISHADS

collection of sacred texts written by anonymous thinkers between 800-400 BCE about Brahmins

SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA

prince from small kingdom in North india or south nepal that later founded Buddhism

BUDDHA

the title given to Siddhartha Guatama after achieving enlightenment, meaning "the Awakened One".

THERAVADA BUDDHISM

a major branch of Buddhism emphasizing individual enlightenment and the original teachings of the Buddha.

MAHAYANA BUDDHISM

spiritual path available to much wider range of people beyond monks and ascetics. enlightenment(becoming the buddha) available to ordinary lifers

BHAKTI MOVEMENT

devotion to one or another of india’a god and goddesses

CONFUCIANISM

a philosophical system developed by Confucius in ancient China, emphasizing morality, social harmony, ethics, and good governance

HAN DYNASTY

dynasty in china from 206 BCE to 220 CE

MANDATE OF HEAVEN

philosophical concept that emperors have the right to rule and are approved from heaven

FILIAL PIETY

honoring of one’s ancestors and parents

DAOISM

Ancient Chinese philosophy emphasizing harmony with the "Way" (Dao), simplicity, and spontaneity

JUDAISM

oldest monotheistic religion

JESUS

central figure of Christianity

PROPHET MUHAMMAD 

trader from Mecca that received message from Allah and founded islam

QURAN

sacred scriptures of Islam

UMMA

community of all islamic people

SUNNI

largest sect of Islam who believed in the existing religious structures and practices of the prophet Muhammad

SHIA/SHI’ITE

Second largest branch of Islam, recognizing Ali as Muhammad's rightful successor

ULAMA

scholars who taught and preservers of sharia or Islamic law

SHARIA

religious law of islam

SUFISM

sect of islam that focuses on achieving spiritual union with allah and to pursued and interior life