UNIT 1 REVIEW HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Shoutout to Conner Sisemore for writing all of these questions. Created in 2022 for P. Hammond's AP Human Geography course.

How does a large scale map compare to a small scale map?

A large scale map has MORE detail, but shows less. (1:190,000,000) A small scale map has LESS detail, but shows more. (1:16,000)

Compare reference maps and thematic maps.

Reference maps include locations/names of features. Thematic maps have special topics, and include spatial data or patterns, and stats.

Absolute vs relative location

Quantitive/countable (fixed point, single address.) vs where something is relative to something else (w. of raymore)

Absolute vs relative distance

Physical unit of measurement (km) vs time, effort, cost

Absolute vs relative direction

Fixed fram of reference (N, E, S, W) vs left, right, up, down, etc.

Geography vs history

Where vs when

The science of map making?

Cartography

Define SCALE

the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole

The 3 c's

Check title, key, and spatial info.

Scale of analysis

a scale that determines what is being studied based on the size of the area being examined (GLOBAL, REGIONAL (Latin America), NATIONAL (State/country), SUB-NATIONAL , LOCAL.)

Latitude

UP TO DOWN, prime meridian

Longitude

Side to side, longitude

ESPen

Economic, Social, Politics, Environmental

Toponym

The name given to a place ex. Missouri ("People with canons")

Site

The physical character of a place, climate, water, etc.

Situation

Where something is, physical, cultural, emotional.

Space

The physical gap or interval between distribution

Spatial

Adjective for space

Distance decay

the effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction. Less important further you get.

Space Time Compression

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems

Human Environment Interaction

the study of the interrelationship between people and their physical environment

Environmental determinism vs possibilism

Human capability relies strictly on the environment vs IT CAN rely on the environment in some circumstances.

Map projection

a way of representing the spherical Earth on a flat surface

Map distortion

a change in the shape, size, distance, or position of a place when it is shown on a map

Mercator Projection

A true conformal cylindrical map projection, the Mercator projection is particularly useful for navigation because it maintains accurate direction. Mercator projections are famous for their distortion in area that makes landmasses at the poles appear oversized. TOO SMALL AFRICA?

Gall-Peters Projection

equal area projection that distorts the shape of land masses (looks stretched out). what we're used to.

Polar/Azimuthal Projection

-Accurate distance
-Size and shape of land are distorted
-Bodies of water are also distorted

Region

An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features.

Formal Region

An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics

Functional Region

An area organized around a node or focal point. WATER HOLE.

Vernacular Region

an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

GIS

A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

GPS satellite

monitor changes in elevation (vertical) as well as horizontal movement along faults. Network of satellites and receiving devices.

Remote Sensing

A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments that are physically distant from the area or object of study.

Online Mapping

Websites that provide graphical information in the form of maps and databases

Sources of spatial data

Hard copy maps, aerial photos, remotely-sensed imagery; point data, sample from surveys, existing digital data files, etc.

How is geospatial data used and applied?

Analyze soil, asses seismic info, create 3D displays of geo features.

Define density

the frequency with which something occurs in space

Concentration

extent of a feature spread over space.

Clustered vs dispersed

clustered- close together
dispersed- far apart

Pattern

Geographic arrangement or placement.

Mental Maps

image or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space

Isoline map

A thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value.

Chloropleth Map

A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit area.

Proportional map

Uses size of shapes or symbols to show how serious a theme is in the area

Dot Density map

Thematic map that uses dots to represent the frequency of a variable in a given area

Cartogram map

A map in which the shape or size is distorted in order to demonstrate a variable such as travel, population or economic production

Topographic map

A map that shows the surface features of an area.

Flow Line Map

Shows movement with arrows of different size

Wallenstein's World Systems Theory

Countries which exhibit core characteristics have consistently higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology. Makes things seem permanent.

Core country

countries that dominate trade, control the most advanced technologies, and have high levels of productivity within diversified economies.

Periphery country

Country that incorporates lower levels of education, salaries, and technology.

Brandt Line

divides the more developed north from the less developed south

BRICS

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa. "Movin' on up!"