How does a large scale map compare to a small scale map?
A large scale map has MORE detail, but shows less. (1:190,000,000) A small scale map has LESS detail, but shows more. (1:16,000)
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Compare reference maps and thematic maps.
Reference maps include locations/names of features. Thematic maps have special topics, and include spatial data or patterns, and stats.
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Absolute vs relative location
Quantitive/countable (fixed point, single address.) vs where something is relative to something else (w. of raymore)
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Absolute vs relative distance
Physical unit of measurement (km) vs time, effort, cost
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Absolute vs relative direction
Fixed fram of reference (N, E, S, W) vs left, right, up, down, etc.
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Geography vs history
Where vs when
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The science of map making?
Cartography
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Define SCALE
the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole
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The 3 c's
Check title, key, and spatial info.
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Scale of analysis
a scale that determines what is being studied based on the size of the area being examined (GLOBAL, REGIONAL (Latin America), NATIONAL (State/country), SUB-NATIONAL , LOCAL.)
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Latitude
UP TO DOWN, prime meridian
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Longitude
Side to side, longitude
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ESPen
Economic, Social, Politics, Environmental
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Toponym
The name given to a place ex. Missouri ("People with canons")
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Site
The physical character of a place, climate, water, etc.
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Situation
Where something is, physical, cultural, emotional.
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Space
The physical gap or interval between distribution
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Spatial
Adjective for space
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Distance decay
the effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction. Less important further you get.
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Space Time Compression
The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems
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Human Environment Interaction
the study of the interrelationship between people and their physical environment
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Environmental determinism vs possibilism
Human capability relies strictly on the environment vs IT CAN rely on the environment in some circumstances.
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Map projection
a way of representing the spherical Earth on a flat surface
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Map distortion
a change in the shape, size, distance, or position of a place when it is shown on a map
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Mercator Projection
A true conformal cylindrical map projection, the Mercator projection is particularly useful for navigation because it maintains accurate direction. Mercator projections are famous for their distortion in area that makes landmasses at the poles appear oversized. TOO SMALL AFRICA?
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Gall-Peters Projection
equal area projection that distorts the shape of land masses (looks stretched out). what we're used to.
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Polar/Azimuthal Projection
-Accurate distance -Size and shape of land are distorted -Bodies of water are also distorted
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Region
An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features.
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Formal Region
An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics
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Functional Region
An area organized around a node or focal point. WATER HOLE.
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Vernacular Region
an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
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GIS
A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.
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GPS satellite
monitor changes in elevation (vertical) as well as horizontal movement along faults. Network of satellites and receiving devices.
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Remote Sensing
A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments that are physically distant from the area or object of study.
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Online Mapping
Websites that provide graphical information in the form of maps and databases
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Sources of spatial data
Hard copy maps, aerial photos, remotely-sensed imagery; point data, sample from surveys, existing digital data files, etc.
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How is geospatial data used and applied?
Analyze soil, asses seismic info, create 3D displays of geo features.
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Define density
the frequency with which something occurs in space
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Concentration
extent of a feature spread over space.
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Clustered vs dispersed
clustered- close together dispersed- far apart
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Pattern
Geographic arrangement or placement.
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Mental Maps
image or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space
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Isoline map
A thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value.
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Chloropleth Map
A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit area.
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Proportional map
Uses size of shapes or symbols to show how serious a theme is in the area
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Dot Density map
Thematic map that uses dots to represent the frequency of a variable in a given area
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Cartogram map
A map in which the shape or size is distorted in order to demonstrate a variable such as travel, population or economic production
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Topographic map
A map that shows the surface features of an area.
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Flow Line Map
Shows movement with arrows of different size
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Wallenstein's World Systems Theory
Countries which exhibit core characteristics have consistently higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology. Makes things seem permanent.
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Core country
countries that dominate trade, control the most advanced technologies, and have high levels of productivity within diversified economies.
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Periphery country
Country that incorporates lower levels of education, salaries, and technology.
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Brandt Line
divides the more developed north from the less developed south
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BRICS
Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa. "Movin' on up!"
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