1.2.5 metals

what are the 4 types of metal

ferrous, non ferrous, ferrous alloy, non ferrous alloy

4 metals?

copper, aluminim, tin, zinc

4 ores?

chalcopyrite, bauxite, cassiterite and zinc blende

what are the non ferrous metals (7)

Aluminium, copper, zinc, silver, gold, titanium, tin

aluminium properties

Lightweight, ductile, malleable, good conductor of heat and electricity, good corrosion resistance, can be metal inert gas (MIG) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) heat welded

melt : 660

aluminium uses

drinks cans, aircraft bodies, bike frames, window frames, saucepans, cooking utensils, packaging, baking foil

Copper properties

Ductile, malleable, tough, corrosion resistant, good electrical and thermal conductivity, can be soldered and brazed

melt: 1083

copper uses

Electrical wire, printed electrical circuits, water pipes, hot water tanks, central heating pipes

zinc properties

Low melting point, good corrosion resistance

melt: 420

zinc uses

Galvanising steel as a protective coating for dustbins, buckets, farm gates; intricate die castings

silver properties

Malleable, ductile, corrosion resistant, can be soldered

melt: 962

silver uses

Jewellery, cutlery, used for plating other materials

Gold properties

Malleable, ductile, corrosion resistant, can be soldered

melt: 1063

gold uses

Jewellery, electronic components, connectors, switch components

Titanium properties

Hard, similar strength to steels but more lightweight, high resistance to corrosion

melt: 1668

titanium uses

Joint replacements, tooth implants, spectacle frames, aircraft, spacecraft, golf clubs, bicycles, ship hulls

Tin properties

Ductile, malleable, low melting point, corrosion resistant

melt: 232

tin uses

Soft solder, coatings for food cans, rarely used in pure form

what are the ferrous metals?

Low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, cast iron

low carbon steel properties

ductile, high tensile strength, tough, malleable, poor resistance to corrosion

melt: 1427

low carbon steel uses

Nuts, bolts, washers, screws, car bodies, outer panels for white goods

medium carbon steel properties

Harder than low carbon steel but less ductile, malleable and tough

medium carbon steel uses

Springs, gardening tools (trowels, forks)

cast iron properties

Hard outer skin but brittle core, good under compression

melt: 1149

cast iron uses

Disc brakes, machine parts, engine blocks, sheet furniture, for example decorative bollards, bins and lighting

what are the ferrous alloys?

stainless steel, high speed steel (HSS), die steel(tool steel)

stainless steel properties

Tough, Hard, Corrosion resistant

melt: 1510

stainless steel uses

Sinks, kitchenware, cutlery

high speed steel (HSS) properties

hard, tough, high level of resistance to frictional heat

HSS uses

tool blades, drill bits, milling cutters, router bits

die steel properties

hard, tough

die steel uses

Blanking punches and dies, extruder dies, fine press tools

what are the non ferrous alloys

Bronze, brass, duralumin, pewter

Bronze properties

Tough, corrosion resistant, can be cast

bronze uses

Statues, coins, bearings

Brass properties

Corrosion resistant, good electrical and thermal conductor, low melting point, casts well

brass uses

Boat fittings, door furniture, cast valves and taps, ornaments

duralumin properties

equivalent strength properties to low carbon steel but more lightweight, ductile, becomes harder as it is worked

duralumin uses

Aircraft parts, vehicle parts

pewter properties

Malleable, low melting point, casts well

pewter uses

Tankards, flasks, goblets, photo frames, decorative items, candlesticks, sports trophies