CNT: Infectious Diseases, Hepatitis

Natural barriers include?

-intact skin

-mucous membranes of the nose, throat, urethra, and rectum

-stomach acid

There are many potential sources of infectious diseases in an acupuncture practice setting, these include?

-on the skin of practitioners' and patients' hands

-blood, saliva, sweat, nasal and other bodily secretions, dust, clothing, and hair

Which of the following examples is are the body's natural barrier to infection?

-Mucous membranes of the nose, throat, urethra, and rectum

-Intact skin and healthy respiratory mucosa

-Stomach acid, tears, urine and vaginal secretions

Hepatitis virus strains are spread through infected blood and body fluids?

HBV, HCV, and HDV

In the U.S., most cases of hepatitis D occur in?

injection drug users and hemophiliacs. Transmission of hepatitis D is through percutaneous or mucosal contact with infectious blood

According to the CNT manual, which of the following incubation periods corresponds to Hepatitis D (HDV)?

Unknown

According to the CNT manual, which of the following incubation periods corresponds to Hepatitis A (HAV)?

15-50 days, average 28 days

Which of the following strains of Hepatitis may cause extreme fatigue and depression in the last stages of the disease?

HBV

Which hepatitis strain can become chronic, may progress to cirrhosis or hepato-cellular carcinoma and cause extreme fatigue, depression, and malaise in later stages?

HBV

Considered a "serious risk" that increases the chances of contracting HCV increases for those who?

-multiple sex partners

-have a sexually transmitted disease

-engage in "rough sex"

-infected with HIV

A vaccine is available for Hepatitis virus strains?

HBV, HAV

According to the CNT manual, which of the following incubation periods corresponds to Hepatitis C/HCV?

14-180 days

Which of the following names is given to the type of infection that is transmitted from one person and passed on to another?

Cross infection

Infection caused by microorganisms from a person's own body?

Autogenous/Latin "auto"- self and "genous" - generated infection, e.g. E. coli, staphylococcus

Blood borne infection is spread specifically through ?

blood e.g., HIV, HBV, HCV

Grey colored stools are Usually associated with cholestasis or severe liver obstruction, more typical of?

Hepatitis A or B with significant bile flow issues

Which of the following chronic blood borne viral infections is most common in the United States?

HCV

HBV is highly resilient outside the body and can remain infectious on surfaces, needles, or instruments for?

up to 7 days.

Which of the following Hepatitis virus strains spreads by poor sanitation and personal hygiene?

HAV

Post-exposure prophylaxis for HBV?

HBV immune globulin and HBV vaccine

What does a healthcare worker need to do if they suffer an needlestick exposure to Hep B?

multiple doses of hepatitis B immune globulin or hepatitis B vaccine alone is 70%-75% effective in preventing sequelae of HBV exposure

Which of the following treatments is used on a person infected with HCV?

Harvoni/ledipasvir or Sovaldi/sofosbuvir prescription

Which of the following Hepatitis virus strains are spread by fecal-oral transmission, most outbreaks are in developing countries where drinking water is contaminated with feces from infected animals and humans?

HAV and HEV

Which of the following correctly indicates the survival rate for HCV outside the body?

4-5 days

HAV can survive outside the body for which of the following periods of time?

Months

The Hepatitis A virus is killed by?

heating to >185 degrees F >85 degrees C for one minute. &, the virus can still be spread from cooked food if it is contaminated after cooking

Which of the following behaviors leads to HBV transmission?

Sharing razors

Sharing toothbrushes

Unprotected sex & contact with any items that may be contaminated with blood, including razors and toothbrushes

A mild case of Hepatitis E might last for?

7-14 days

Acute hepatitis C will experience symptoms similar to the other cases of acute hepatitis, including?

-flu-like symptoms

-joint aches

- jaundice and/or mild skin rash

+loss of appetite, abdominal pain, darker-than-normal urine color, and light or grey colored stools

Chronic infection from Hepatitis B is most likely to occur in which of the following populations?

children

Among infants who acquire HBV infection from their mothers at birth, what percentage become chronically infected?

up to 90%

For which of the following periods of time can HBV survive outside of the body?

7 days

Which of the following herbs and formulas should not be prescribed to patients taking Interferon, may increase the risk of acute pneumonitis used to treat HEP C (HCV)?

Chai Hu Bupleuri Radix; Xiao Chai Hu Tang Minor Bupleurum Decoction

Which Hepatitis strain has abrupt onset symptoms of abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea, dark urine, and jaundice?

HAV