Final history test

Which African nation experienced what is considered a peaceful transition to independence?

Ghana

Who was the first leader of Ghana?

Kwame Nkrumah

Who was the first leader of Kenya and considered the “father of Kenya”?

Jomo Kenyatta

What nation experienced apartheid

South Africa

What was apartheid?

A system of racial segregation and discrimination enforced by the white-run government in South Africa

Who was the leader of South African independence and was elected as the first Black President in 1994?

Nelson Mandela

Mohandas Gandhi used what methods to resist and fight against British control in British India?

Civil Disobedience and passive resistance

What two nations were created during the Partition in 1947? What religion was made the majority for each

India (Hindu) and Pakistan (Muslim)

Who was the first female Prime Minister of India?

Indira Gandhi

What Cold War power did India develop relations with?

Soviet Union

What Cold War power did Pakistan develop relations with?

United States

What two nuclear powers entered a conflict with each other in May 2025?

India and Pakistan

In what nation did “The Troubles” occur?

Northern Ireland

What were the causes/motivations that led to “The Troubles”?

• Tensions between Protestants and Catholics

• Catholic minority experiencing discrimination and seeking civil rights

• A desire for some to separate from the UK and unite with Ireland

What was the Good Friday Agreement and what did it do?

Ended The Troubles and led to the creation of a power-sharing government in Northern Ireland and allowed people to choose their identity- British, Irish, or both

Where did the Balkans Conflict take place?

Southeastern Europe (Yugoslavia)

What were the causes of the Balkans Conflict?

-Collapse of communism in region

-Desire for independence

-Economic problems and political instability

-Historical grievances and ethnic tensions

How did the Balkans Conflict end?

The deploying of international peacekeepers and the creation of new nations- Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Croatia, and Slovenia

Where is Darfur?

Sudan

What was the Darfur Genocide? Why did it occur?

2003-2005 between military-led government and rebel groups in Darfur; led to thousands of deaths and millions of refugees; human rights violations occurred

What countries in the Horn of Africa experienced conflicts recently? Why?

Ethiopia, Somalia

Ethnic and religious differences, political instability, competition for natural resources like water and food

Who are the Uyghurs? Where are they located?

Muslim ethnic minority group in northwest China

What factors are used to determine if a nation is developed or developing?

GDP per capita, life expectancy, literacy rates

What is the European Union (EU)?

A unified trade and monetary body allowing free movement of people and goods between member states

What is economic interdependence?

Countries relying on other nations for raw materials, markets, and financial resources

What international organizations deal with trade?

World Trade Organization (WTO), NAFTA, EU

Explain the purpose of the World Bank

Provide assistance to poor countries to help improve areas like education, healthcare, and infrastructure

Explain the purpose of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Monitor national and international economies, provide monetary assistance to nations that may be facing economic problems

What are some responses to terrorism

Heightened surveillance, review of privacy rights, increased security at ports and airports, ID badges

What are examples of terrorism

9/11 attacks, Munich Olympics, Oklahoma City Bombing, Boston Marathon Bombing

What is a guest worker?

Someone who moves to another country temporarily to work

Refugee

 person who has to flee their country for fear of persecution due to race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership to a group

internally-displaced person

has to leave their home to escape armed conflict, violence, human rights abuses, or natural disasters and move to a different area of their home nation

What are some things that impact interdependence?

• Trade agreements

• Increased communication levels and social media

• Influence of multinational corporations

• Rapid transportation