HA LAB MOUTH AND OROPHARYNX

Mouth

beginning of the digestive tract and serves as an airway for the respiratory tract.

upper and lower lips

forms entrance to the mouth, serving as a protective gateway to the digestive and respiratory tracts.

roof of the oral cavity

formed by an anterior hard palate and the posterior soft palate.

uvula

extension of the soft palate, which hangs in the posterior midline of the oropharynx.

cheeks

lateral walls of the mouth, whereas

tongue and its muscles

form the floor of the mouth.

mandible

provides structural support for the floor of the mouth

how many teeth do you have

32

throat (pharynx)

located behind the mouth and nose, it serves as muscutar passage for food and air.

nasopharynx

located at the upper part of the throat; airway in respiratory system; aegins at the back of the nasal cavity, situated behind the nose and above the soft palate.

oropharynx

lies below the nasopharynx; opens anteriorly in the mouth and extends from the soft palate to the hyoid; functions as an airway and as part of the alimentary canal

laryngopharynx

lies below the oropharynx; both food and air pass; It can be found between the hyoid bone and the larynx and esophagus, which helps guide food and air where to go.

tonsillar pillars

folds of mucous membrane that covers the muscles of the soft palate & tongue.

adenoids or pharyngeal tonsils

nasopharynx contains…

pharyngeal tonsil, two tubal tonsil, two palatine tonsils, lingual tonsil

4 types of tonsil

sense of tase

relatively simple, distinguishing sweet, sour, salty, bitter

ageusia

no sense of taste

umami

savory taste

sweet detectors

tip of tounge

salt detectors

front sides of the toungue

sour detectors

side of the tongue

bitter detector

back one third of the tongue.

umami detector

center of tongue

back of tongue

part of tongue that has no sense of taste

Lips normal finding

Lips are smooth and moist withorsesions or swelling. Pink lips are normal in light-skinned clients are bluish or freckled lips in some dark-skinned clients especially those of Mediterranean descent.

Palor around the lips

seen in anemia and shock.

bluish (cyanotic) lips

from cold or hypoxia.

reddish lips

seen in clients with ketoacidosis, carbon monoxide poisoning, and COPD with polycythemia.

swelling of lips (edema)

common in local or systemic allergic or anaphylactic reactions.

gingivitis

Red, swollen gums that bleed easily are seen in this; scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) and leukemia.

dirtiest part of the body

mouth

leokoplakia

seen in chronic irritation and smoking. It appears thick, white patches on the inside of the mouth; persistent lesions, ulcers, or nodules may indicate cancer and should be referred. Induration increases the likelihood of cancer

Wharton's Duct

Traverses space between submandibular gland & sublingual caruncle

sublingual caruncle

where saliva from submandibular duct secretes into oral cavity proper

hypoglossal

shortened frenulum that limits motion.

cleft palate

opening in the hard palate

candida infections

may appear as thick white plaques on the hard palate.

fruity or acetone breath

associated with diabetic ketoacidosis.

ammonia odor

associated with kidney disease.

foul odor

indicate an oral or respiratory infection or tooth decay.

fecal breath

occurs in bowel obstruction;

Sulfur odor (fetor hepaticus)

occurs in end-stage liver disease.

frenulum

gitna lining ng tongue

halitosis

bad breath odor

abnormal finding for tonsils

Tonsils are red, enlarge (to 2+,3+, or 4+) and covered with exudate in tonsillitis.

tonsilitis

swelling of tonsils

grade 0 tonsils

The tonsils are fully inside the pillars.

Grade 1

Tonsils lound to be enlarged and out of its pillars

Grade 2

Tonsillar enlargement extends just up to half the distance of the uvula

Grade 3

Tonsillar enlargement up to the level of the uvula.

Grade 4

Tonsillar enlargement is so huge that they are virtually in contact with each other i.e “Kissing tonsil.”

Pharyngitis

bright red throat with white or yellow exudate

parotid duct

stensen duct; duct and the route that saliva takes from the major salivary gland, the parotid gland, into the mouth.

linea alba

white line or ridge that can appear on the inside of the cheeks or along the inner surface of the lips.

kaposis sacr

Deep purple, raised, or flat lesions may indicate a Kaposi's sarcoma (cancer).