Unit 1-Body Organization

Human Anatomy :(

anatomy

study of body structure

physiology

study of body function

levels of organization

atom > molecule > cells > tissue

epithelial tissue

covers or lines external or internal body surfaces

squamous simple epithelium

flat shaped, one layer thick

cuboidal simple epithelium

cube shaped, one layer thick

columnar simple epithelium

column shaped, one layer thick

columnar pseudostratified epithelium

column shaped, one layer thick but cells have different heights

squamous stratified epithelium

flat shaped, many layers thick

columnar stratified epithelium

column shaped, many layers thick

cuboidal stratified epithelium

cube shaped, many layers thick

transitional epithelium

found in bladder, ability to change/flex with how full the bladder is

connective tissue

connects, supports, binds or separates other tissues or organs, consists of cells embedded in a matrix

loose connective tissue

holds organs in place and connects skin to underlying muscle

loose connective tissue matrix

protein fibers

collagen fibers

protein fibers that provide strength

elastin fibers

proteins fibers that prove stretchiness

fibrous connective tissue

found mainly in tendons and ligaments

matrix of fibrous connective tissue

parallel collagen fibers

tendons

connect bone to muscle

ligaments

connect bone to bone at joints

adipose tissue

stores fat

cartilage tissue

consists of cells embedded in a flexible carbohydrate matrix

bone

matrix is made up of collagen fibers and has rigid, calcified ground substance (minerals) -compact and spongey

blood

matrix- liquid plasma, the fibers are soluble proteins that form during clotting (platelets)

muscle tissue

allows for movement, but it also helps stabilize our joints, maintain our posture and generate heat during activity, consists of voluntary and involuntary movements

nervous tissue

controls movements, sends and carries signals to and from the different parts of the body, and controls bodily functions

body cavities

fluid filled spaces in the body

diaphragm

muscle that separates cavities in chest and abdomen

hernias

occurs when an organ or tissue bulges through a weakness in a body wall

integumentary system

includes skin, hair, and nails

nervous system

controls most body systems; involved with learning and memory

skeletal system

provides support and protection for body

muscular system

generates body movement

respiratory system

involved in gas exchange

circulatory system

transports materials throughout the body

digestive system

breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

urinary system

removes wastes from body; includes kidney

endocrine system

releases hormones to regulate other body systems

reproductive system

involved in production of sperm and egg cells

sensory system

carries information about environment to the brain

distal

away from the point of attachment

superior

toward the head

superficial

towards the outer surface of the body

posterior

back side of the body

lateral

away from the midline of the body

proximal

towards the point of attachment

anterior

front side of the body

deep

away from the outer surface of the body

medial

towards the midline

inferior

away from the head

frontal section

divides the body int front and back halves

sagittal section

divides the body along a plane parallel to the midline

transverse section

divides the body horizontally, perpendicular to the midline

epidermis

the outermost layer of skin

keratin

limits water loss

melanin

pigment that gives skin color

dermis

the middle layer of skin

sweat glands in the dermis

produces sweat

blood vessels

help regulate body temperature

hair follicle

hair that grows from the dermis of the skin

arrector pili

cause hair to stand up, causes goosebumps

sebaceous glands

produce moisturizing oil for your skin called sebum

acne

clogged sebaceous glands

lips

do NOT have sebaceous glands

hypodermis

deepest layer of skin

1st degree burn

epidermis is damaged, ex. sun burn

2nd degree burn

epidermis and dermis are damaged

3rd degree burn

epidermis, dermis and hypodermic are damaged