Transplant, congenital, ocular viruses, prions and rickettsiaceae

cytomegalovirus organ transplant

symptoms develop few moths post transplant

-fever, pneumonia, GI ulcers hepatits, retinitis, acute or chronic graft dysfunction

cytomegalovirus source of transmission

-reactivation of latent infection

-donor-transmitted

-donnor-leukocytes

CMV

-important for transfusion medicine management

-virus infects WBC

-need CMV reduced blood for at risk patients

congenital transmission

-transplacental or during delivery

-mother may or may not be sym

-affected child may display developmental disabilities early in life or silent for months to years

-hearing loss, vision impairment, organ involvement

rubella

-rare due to immunization

-more severe if transmitted during 1st trimester

congenitally transmitted viruses include

-rubella

-CMV

-enterovirus

-zika

-HSV

ocular infections

HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV, adenoviruses

viral conjunctivitis

-upper respiratory infections

-begin in one eye and progress to other

-tearing irritation, swelling

-self limiting

-transmission based on virus

prions

virus like particles - proteins but nnon RNA or DNA

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies

degenerative nervous system disease

prions transmission

-eating diseased meats products

-contaminated medicinal products

-therapeutic devices

-body fluids

prions general characteristics

-induce abnormal folding of normal cellular proteins

-infectivity associated with novel infectious protein

-no nucleic acid

protein (PrP)

found throughout body

-found in infectious material different structure; resistant to protesases

prions pathogenicity

-PrPsc induces formation of amyloid folds

-protein polymerizes into aggregate consisting of tightly packed beta sheets

-amyloid aggregates

-amyloid disrupts normal cell structure and function

prion transmission

intracerebral or sub-cutaneous inoculation of material from an infection brain

-acquired, familial, or sporadic manifestations

prion disease in humans

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

variant CJD

Gerstmann-strassuler-scheinker syndrome

fatal familial insomnia

prion disease in animals

bovine spongiform encephalopathy "mad cow disease" and chronic wasting disease

-scrapie

rickettsiaceae

-not viruses but misc bacteria

rickettsia

obligate intracellular GNB

rickettsia transmission

ticks, fleas, mites, and lice

rickettsia diseases

-spotted fever = rocky mountain spotted fever

-typhus fevers

epidemic typhus

Rickettsia prowazekii

murine typhus

Rickettsia typhi

scrub typhus

Orientia tsutsugamushi

ehrilichiosis transmission

-tick bite

ehrlichiosis symptoms

-fever, myalgia, anorexia, confusion, muscle pain

-single or pancytopenia

-rash on trunk, legs, and arms

-mononucleosis like disease

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

-tickborne

-fever, headache, chills, muscles aches, rash

-difficulty breathing, hemorrhage, renal failure

-blood transfusion and organ transplant risk

Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)

-obligate intracellular parasite, pleomorphic GNCB

-associated with cattle, goats, and sheep

-occupational disease

Q fever symptoms

-aerosols

-ticks