Human Anatomy and Physiology Syllabus Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on the Human Anatomy and Physiology course syllabus from Butuan Doctors’ College, covering structural organization, body systems, and biological processes.

Human Anatomy and Physiology Course Units

A total of $5\,units$ consisting of $3\,units$ for lecture and $2\,units$ for laboratory.

Homeostasis

The basic regulatory mechanisms that promote and maintain the organism’s state of health.

Levels of Structural Organization

The components of body organization including chemical, cells, tissues, organs, and systems.

Anatomical Terminologies

Directional terms, surfaces, and body planes used to describe the location and orientation of body parts.

Cell

The structural and functional unit of life characterized by protoplasmic parts, a nucleus, and a cell membrane.

Protoplasm

The living substance of a cell, including the nucleus, cytoplasmic organelles, and inclusions.

Cell Membrane Transport

Passive and active transport mechanisms that regulate the movement of substances across the cell boundary.

Cell Cycle Phases

The stages of cellular reproduction including mitosis and meiosis.

Tissue

An organization of structurally and functionally related cells.

Integumentary System

The system composed of the skin and its derivatives, specifically nails, hair, and cutaneous glands.

Skeletal System Divisions

The organization of the adult human skeleton into the axial and appendicular skeleton.

Joint Classification

The categorization of joints based on mobility and the component adjoining tissues, including diarthrotic movements.

Muscle Types

The three types of muscle tissue categorized as skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.

Physiology of Muscle Contraction

The process involving electrical, chemical, and mechanical events, and the action of contractile proteins.

Neuron

The structural and functional unit of the nervous system responsible for nerve impulse conduction.

Reflex Arc

The components and role in the transmission of nerve impulses within the nervous system.

Nervous System Organs

The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, which include cranial and spinal nerves.

Special Senses

A bonus unit covering the anatomy and physiology of the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth.

Hormones

Chemical substances produced by endocrine organs like the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands to control various body functions.

Cardiovascular System

The system consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and the impulse-conducting system.

Hemostasis

The process and significance of blood coagulation and the events that accompany it.

ABO and RH Groupings

The mechanics of determining blood types and their clinical significance.

Lymphatic System

A system composed of lymphatic organs, lymphatic vessels, and lymph.

Respiratory System Organs

The components of the system including the respiratory tract, lungs, and the alveolar-capillary membrane.

Phases of Breathing

The respiratory events classified into the inspiratory and expiratory phases.

Digestion Types

The breakdown of food categorized into physical digestion and chemical digestion.

Alimentary Tract

The main pathway of the digestive system, accompanied by accessory digestive organs and digestive glands.

Nephron

The part of the kidney involved in the three steps of urine formation: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

Micturition

The physiological term for the events of urine formation and urination.

Oogenesis

The process of formation and development of the female gamete or egg.

Spermatogenesis

The physiological process of sperm development within the male reproductive system.

Reproductive Events

Key biological processes including sexual intercourse (copulation), fertilization, implantation, parturition, and pregnancy.